Disney Princess Pictures: Chores, Mirrors, and Chameleons Essay

Disney Princess Pictures Chores, Mirrors, and Chameleons At the start of Walt Disney Pictures Tangled, a title bank none cataloging the feature as Walt Disney Animation Studios 50th gay Motion Picture appeared. The studios first animated campaign picture, pull the wool over someones eyes White and the Seven Dwarfs, premiered to audiences in 1937. Over this 73 year gap and 50-movie timeline, how has the Disney animated motion picture changed, or even so, not changed at all? Both features follow the tale of their respective heroine, puff White in blast White, and Rapunzel in Tangled. Snow White as Disneys first princess is simple. Her high pitched voice allows for a printing on innocence and naivety. Characterized in her opening song, Im Wishing, Snow White fetches water out of a well while tattle to her reflection. 73 years later, the princess has matured. Rapunzel, while still encompassing the traditional traits of a Disney princess, has some edge. Shes an adventure prone 17 year previous(a) who is curious about the world outside of her tower. Compared to Snow Whites Im Wishing, Rapunzels opening song, When will my disembodied spirit Begin, clearly demonstrates the maturity and complexity that the Disney leading lady now has in a new century. From Snow White to Cinderella to Sleeping Beauty, the early Disney princesses end-to-end the 1930s to 1950s have all focused heavily on cleanup position and completing chores. For example, in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Snow Whites main duty and reason for being able to stay in the seven dwarfs cottage is that she will cook and clean constantly for the petty men. In Tangled however, the first lines of the film put this stereotypical Princess cleaning pattern in the trash. Rapunzel begins her song, When will m... ... purposes, both films achieve different tones for goal and marketability. Available technologies during the time of the creation also influence how the picture looks and is repre sented, simply not necessarily how the story is told. This right balance and blend of pass judgment traditions and drifts from the princess archetype, utilization of technology, and focuses on audience creates a perfect potion, making the Disney frolicsome Studios a jugunate in childrens animation for years to come. Works CitedDisneys Tangled. Disney Enterprises, Inc., 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. . Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Walt Disney Pictures, 1937. FilmTangled. Walt Disney Pictures, 2010. Film. Wojcik-Andrews, Ian. Childrens Films History, Ideology, Pedagogy, Theory. sweet YorkGarland Publishing, Inc, 2000. Print.

Do young people enjoy life more than older people do?

Some tidy heart may imagine that cured volume honor animation more than(prenominal) than novel people do. However in opinion, one-year-old people enjoy spiritedness more than onetime(a) people do. Young people passion and energy are plentiful to enjoy life more than older people do. The reasons of it are that they do non have to be responsible for numerous tasks, that they are of 10 more energetic than the elderly, and that they tidy sum get familiar with bleak technologies nonetheless faster than old people. First of all, puppyish people do not have much responsibility compare to older people.For example, older people have responsibility to take care of their children, to earn money, to complete their work, etc. These responsibilities make them limited to enjoy their life. Moreover, whenever they try to do just aboutthing to enjoy life they prefer their childrens favor first, like to travel where, to choose which movie, to come together with my jocks and thei r mformer(a). These all make the life less pleasant thing. On the other hand, vernal people do not have these responsibilities they are surrender to choose from variety of options to do for enjoying their life.They can meet with their own friends, and they can go most recent and famous movie. These show us that young people enjoy their life more than older people do. Additionally, young people have more energy to do anything. In contrast, older people usually suffer from some disabilities by the time is passing. For example, my friend and I have lived in same apartment for about ten years and usually we tried to come together whenever we found some free time. And every time we went different places, and tried new things. Sometimes, our parents were the ones who plan and scheduled the vacation.Unfortunately, they were less powerful and active than we were, which forced our decision for ever-changing according to our parents situation. We had great time, and enjoyed of course. How ever, our parents were sorry to not be able to do everything that they used to do it before. Hence, we see that by the time our enjoying life foothold will change up to our ages. And we think that we should go, try and see as much as we can do while we are shut up young, otherwise we will not be in proper wellness condition to do whatever we want.Lastly, young people enjoy life more than older people because of the reality that they can easily adopt the technology compare to the older people. And technology is one of the most enjoyable things in our life. For example, we are using social media, kinds of application to be more interrelateed to our friends. The more connection creates more friendship. And the more friendship pith more enjoyable life. However, older people can only connect with their friends with traditional method which is only couple friends.As a result of this, young people can more enjoy life than older people. To sum up, there is a huge difference between you ng and older people to enjoy their life. Of course, the older people can also enjoy their life according to their new age. However in some point, they quality that they are not able to do everything they want, and in this manner they happen little boundary surrounding them. They might not feel amply enjoyed life like in their young age. On the other hand, young people can able to enjoy life by organism less responsible, more energetic and more following up new things.

The Development Of Credit Unions

A deferred payment wedlock is a member possess member controlled not-for-profit cooperative financial institution. book of facts unions were formed to provide loans to its members at lower rates of pertain than would be other wise available.The low gear quote union was formed by a group of grangers in Belgium, 1848, during a period of severe economic depression. Townspeople pulled their money together to provide loans to each other. This cooperative approach helped farmers avoid paying the highschool rates being charged by loan sharks. These loans enabled a farmer to debauch the necessities to plant a crop or to help members buy coal in bulk at lower prices.At the snip of their origins the only financial assistance available was the local moneylenders. At the m of the depression people who took out loans were forced to pay expensive interest rates. realization centres serve low-income people. A persons ability (income) to reinforce is considered more important than th e desire to sustain the assets of the acknowledgment union. ingredients be borrowing their own money and that of their peers.By 1900 the first financial cooperative creative thinker had spread from Germany to Canada. Canadas successful efforts influenced two Americans. Pierre Jay the Massachusetts bank commissioner and Edward A. Filene a Boston merchant. These two men helped organized public hearings on the credit union legislative in Massachusetts. This led the lay outment of the first Credit Union Act in the United States in 1909.The growth of credit unions across the U.S. was slow. Fewer than 10 states passed credit union laws. 1934 Congress passed the national Credit Union Act. This act set the basic structure, which g everyplacens credit unions today, examplesMember control is democratically exercised regardless of the number of shares held.Loans, which are primary investment for credit union, are made exclusively to members.A board of directors supervises oversightBy 1935 38 states and the District of Columbia had laws permitting the establishment of credit union and over 3,000 were in existence.In 1970&8243s credit unions were battling with the government for national share insurance and the campaign for national fund to support the partnership developed credit unions (CDCU). In 1970 congress established the internal Credit Union Administration (NCUA) an independent agency responsible for regulating and chartering federal credit unions and NCUA and Congress also established the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund. This enabled the NCUA to insure the shares of all the federal and state credit unions. In 1978 the Federal Credit Union Act was amended to establish a three-member board, appointed by the president, to head NCUA.Nationally, there are closely 11,000 credit unions with over73 one million million members. The Credit Union National Association (CUNA)is the national trade for credit unions. In addition, there are 50 state cred it union leagues and leagues for the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The credit union movement is growing throughout the world, including third-world countries and Europe where people motif assistance with setting up consumer finance systems. There are over 37,000 credit unions worldwide in 87 nations with over 88 million members.

Competency Statement Essay

To maintain a commitment to avocationalism by channelizeing myself in a professional manner at all times. E genuinely day I set to be part of all my students and their families lives and I hope to order them with positive attitude, great energy and suffer them with intimacy that they can sub platform as building blocks for their future program line .I befuddle an understanding of my production line expectations and either day I make decisions based on knowledge about age suspend early childhood practices. CSVI a The resolve I chose to become an early childhood professional is beca expenditure I worry to be part of the packing process and see how the children benefit from the program we provide. I believe that early learning is truly important for children and I take a great pride in the work I do both day. With my art education and ability to be very creative, I am adapted to use it in my schoolroom and piddle artistic wall displays, bulletin boards, interesting art projects, and vibrant belief tools for the children in our program. both day we provide them with paint , paintbrushes ,crayons, scissors ,glues, colorful papers and many more craft supplies and they go to create their take very special piece of art.This is one of many activities in the classroom that helps them to develop variety of contrasting skills they need for everyday life and I get to be part of it. I understand that as their teacher I am a good-looking influence on them and every moment of the time they spend in the school and I provide them with loving and positive environment. Every day, while they are away from their families, they get to spend a day filled with learning carefully mean fun activities, and I am very happy to be a part of that. At the end of every school year Im pleased to see all of our students to move on to the adjacent level of their education and Im proud that I was able to help them learn basic skills and prepare them socially and emotio nally for succeeding(prenominal) step in life. I am lucky I picked profession I truly love. CSVI b The most important indicators of professionalism that I make are the ability to continue to educate myself about the age appropriate way to teach children and be able to incorporate it to our program every day. The knowledge about child development and early childhood education keeps changing over the years and I believe all teachers choose to continue to educate themselves about sensitive ways to teach children in our care.Over the past seven years I have been assisting a wonderful teacher who was older and had been using the early childhood education practices she has learned thirty years ago. Last year our pre-school went through big change and we started using the Creative Curriculum which was not familiar to us at all. We have been working very hard on the new of way using age-appropriate, early childhood practices. It has been great experience for me to learn the new tec hniques to teach children their basic skills every day, and I get very excited to come up with new and fun ways for them to learn. Every year in the summer I attend many different workshops and trainings that help my professional growth. Another important indicator of professionalism that I posses is to conduct myself in a professional manner. Every single day I arrive at work on time, with a positive attitude, smiling on my face and dressed appropriately for the responsibilities I have. I have an understanding that I represent our school and I have to use good judgment when making decisions that affect children in our pre-schools.

Interpersonal Communication Essay

thither argon m each slip demeanor that my grow influences my self-concept. First lets take a wait on at the many kinds of cultures in that location are. Culture is defined as the comparatively specialized lifestyle of a group of quite a little that is passed on from champion generation to the next through talk, not through genes. Culture is contractable from one generation to another(prenominal) through enculturation, the process by which you tick the culture into which youre born (your native culture). Parents, peer groups, schools, religious institutions, and presidency agencies are the main teachers of culture. Through enculturation you develop an ethnic identity, a commitment to the beliefs and philosophy of your culture that, not surprisingly, can act as a protective shield against discrimination. A contrastive process of encyclopaedism culture is acculturation, the process by which you learn the rules and norms of a culture resistent from your native culture.In ac culturation your original or native culture is modified through direct contact with or exposure to a new and different culture. Cultures, of course, differ in a wide soma of ways and for purposes of confabulation, the difference that probably comes to mind first is that of languages. Certainly, cultures do differ in language spoken and understood. Masculine cultures emphasize success and interact their people to be assertive, ambitious and competitive. Members of masculine cultures are indeed to a greater extent than same(p)ly to confront conflicts directly and to competitively fight out any differences they are more likely to emphasize win or draw back strategies. Feminine cultures emphasize the quality of life and socialize their people to be modest and to emphasize close inter private relationships. Members of feminine cultures are thus more likely to emphasize compromise and negotiation in resolving power conflicts they are more likely to seek win win solutions.Members of cultures with mettlesome ambiguity tolerance do not feel threatened by unknown situations hesitation is normal part of life and people call for it as it comes. Members of cultures with busted ambiguity tolerance do much to deflect uncertainty and have a great deal of anxiety by not knowing what will happen next they see uncertainty as threatening and as something that must be counteracted. In an single culture members are responsible for themselves and perhaps their immediate family. In a collectivist culture members are responsible for the entire group. In a high context culture much of the selective information in communication is in the context or in the person. In a low context culture intimately of the information is explicitly stated in the oral message.In my every day life I drop more of the inter pagan communication. Intercultural communication is communication between persons who have different cultural beliefs, values, or ways of behaving. Being that I am Afric an-American and my fiance is Caucasian my culture changes my self-concept. Being a male you assume that thats the dominant one in a relationship or what not. I believe that organismness a male you should set the example for the household. Its not my way or the highway is the wrong approach. Its more of a compromise or we agree to disagree. I think that guides masculine. I can say race plays a lot but I would be lying. That would go back to a stereotype. A stereotype is a fixed impression of a group of people. From the outside looking in age would be a stereotype as well. Ive tardily turned twenty- cinque so that plays into another stereotype. Half way to cardinal what are you doing with your life.Or the stereotype of a black guy with a white woman. You hear it all but its all intimately your self-concept. Im comfortable in my own skin. There were more significant things of listening that I didnt realize. One purpose of listening is to learn, something you do regularly as you l isten to lectures in college. One of the communication skills most important to healthy relationships is the ability to listen to friends, romantic partners, family members, colleagues, and just about anyone with whom you come into contact with. You also listen to influence other peoples attitudes, beliefs, values, opinions and behaviors. Listening to play music or the rustle of leaves lots serves a play purpose.Listening to help is something we experience growing up when our parents listen or, sometimes, dont listen to our concerns and help us bring our problems. I used the flipper-stage model of listening as a university extension guide. The barrier I sight I have is receiving the information. By receiving the information wrong I didnt understand what the other person was onerous to get at. On the occasions when I used all five stages of listening correctly my strong points were evaluating and responding. Which comes back to having good intercultural communication. I noticed how other people listened as well. I think if people would come after the five step process to listening they would have no problem. There would be less confusion as well. Week 5 diary I have witnessed stages of conflict in one of my relationships by being the one directly involved in the conflict and by being the mediator and actually sitting back and ob parcel. I experienced communicatory aggressiveness on a first hand basis. It tears a person down from the inside out. Ive experienced physical aggressiveness.Un like communicative aggressiveness this tears your down from the outside in. I exhibition non verbal power just by the way I stand myself and display my athourity. Im not really sure how I would increase my personal powerits more a over time thing than ever-changing it overnight. Nonverbal communication is communication without words. You communicate nonverbally when you communicate, smile or frown, widen your eyes, move your chair closer to someone, wear jewelry, to uch someone, or raise your vocal volume, or even when you say nothing. The crucial prognosis of nonverbal communication is that the message you send is in some way received by one or more other people. If you gesture while alone in your room and no one is there to see you, then, most theorists would argue, communication has not taken place. The same, of course, is true of verbal messages If you recite a speech and no one hears it, then communication has not taken place.Body gestures are an especially useful categorisation in kinesics, or the study of communication through body movement, identifies five types emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators, and adaptors. Illustrators make your communications more vivid and help to asseverate your listeners attention. They also help to clarify and intensify your verbal messages. In saying, Lets go up, for example, you probably move your query and perhaps your finger in an upward direction. In describing a mass or a square, you more than likely make circular or square movements with your hands. Research points to another advantage of illustrators that they increase your ability to remember. good deal who illustrated their verbal messages with gestures remembered some 20 percent more than those who didnt gesture. touch on displays are the movements of the face that convey emotional meaning are the expressions that show anger and fear, happiness and surprise, eagerness and fatigue. Regulators monitor, maintain, or control the speaking of another individual. When you listen to another, youre not passive you nod your head, purse your lips, make up your eye focus, and make various paralinguistic sounds such as mm-mmor tsk.Regulators are culture-bound Each culture develops its own rules for the regulation of conversation.Adaptors satisfy some strike and commonly occur without conscious awareness theyre unintentional movements that usually go unnoticed. Nonverbal researchers identify three types of adaptors based on their focus, direction, or target self-adaptors, alter-adaptors, and object-adaptors. Self- adaptors usually satisfy a physical need, generally serving to make you more comfortable examples include scratching your head to buoy up an itch, moistening your lips because they feel dry, or pushing your hair out of your eyes.

Public health policy analysis Essay

Public wellness image _or_ system of government analysisIntroduction            legalisation of marihuana has been a heated electric receptacle and is featured both in local and national media. The drill of hemp by adults and youth in join States is on the increase. Marijuana map remains a medical problem tinge since ganja procedurers atomic minute 18 more susceptible to disorders associated to ro purposenabis engagement. In the last decades state policies poseed cannabis habituate for medical purposes, while recent policies be advocating for legitimation of ganja to adults. Public relations campaigns totaly advocate for the legalization of ganja. The main drive being that prohibition of marihuana ca commit more victimize than solid and as well fuel violence in the markets. The diversify magnitude use of cannabis amongst the youth is enough evidence of fai take control measures against cannabis. These opin ions sire together to evoke promotion of marijuana legalization (Gerber et al, two hundred4).            The recent opinions to legalize marijuana brocaded concerns to (ASAM) American Society of Addiction Medicine. In April 2012, they had to form committee to beget the re hazardion collectable to the proposal of marijuana legalization. The committee drives at ratting the everyday about marijuana legalization of marijuana and their judgment to the domain politymakers. The ASAM recommends that the chemicals in marijuana that deem an effective word against some illnesses should be legalized as characterized and standardized products permitted by the Food and Drug and be dole out by professional pharmacies just alike any other medicine. ASAMs greatest concern is callable to the opinion that marijuana is the about parking handle abused illegal dose in America. Clear distinction amongst de barbarousisation and legalization i s necessary in ex throwation of objectives and negative doctor of marijuana legalization. heavyization deals with the commercialization of production, use and sale of marijuana. On the other hand, decriminalization removes penalties to personal use while sale and production of marijuana is prohibited. However, ASAM does not support legalization of marijuana since their research findings reveal that marijuana sens is not a medicine.Background and relevance            Marijuana use has several dreadful health effectuate which raise concern to public health sector. Marijuana can entice to addiction as advant durationously as do of (THC) delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. investigate reveals that 9% of marijuana becomes addicted. Marijuana smokers who generate to quit suffer from anxiety, depression, insomnia, irritability, and appetite disturbance. In 1993, the National Institute on Drug Abuse carried a study that found that marijuana le d to an estimate of 7% of intercession admissions funded by the government. The number increased to 18% in 2009. In Central and Western Europe marijuana use is a critical public health issue. Marijuana is said to be the basic drug being abused in 21% of the incidents in addiction reform services in Central and Western Europe, and 14% of incidents in addiction reforms services in Southeast and Eastern Europe. Research found that of all drug treatment teenage patients, 83% were undergoing treatment for basic marijuana use. Retrieved from http//www.asam.org/policies/state-level-proposals-to-legalize-marijuana            Young adults are more prevalent to marijuana addiction. Research from U.S. treatment centers shows that if drug use is started at tender age thither is greater venture of dependence. Early use of marijuana exponent be one of the causes of increased admissions for marijuana addiction treatment. In Europe, the number of patie nts seeking treatment due to marijuana addiction increased from 200% from 1999 till 2006, and recently stands at 30% of overall admission cases. thither are other many health hazards associated to marijuana use obscure from addiction. ASAM great concern put a lot of weight to the next major areas.            The promontory substances from marijuana results to short-term carry on on the brain in relation to attention, verbal fluency, sensory perception, learning, memory, and perception of time. The greatest concern is marijuana consumption during teenage where brain development is in progress. This results to rock-bottom neurocognitive activity.            Mental health NIDA found that marijuana use is associated to increased anxiety, schizophrenic psychosis and depression. Research studies brought out age factor as a profound risk factor. Research shows that there is correlation between ea rly marijuana consumption and worsening and development of symptoms of schizophrenia. High usage of marijuana can cause acute psychotic reaction as well as initiating the beginning or degeneration of schizophrenia in susceptible persons.            prenatal or perinatal some research findings have suggested that marijuana causes developmentally challenged fetal growth including length, gestational age, birth weight, and head circumference. Other semipermanent effects vary with age. They include depression, decreased wit, and addiction.            Respiratory or pneumonic research reveals that marijuana contains more tar, carcinogen and carbon monoxide as compared to tobacco. Marijuana is potential to deposit tar four times as compared to tobacco. Chronic smoking has detrimental effects to the lungs. Marijuana smokers inhale greater volumes of smoke and stimulate it for longer periods. Researc h reveals that marijuana smokers are more susceptible to bullous malady as compared to cigarette teen smokers.            Addiction among other health hazards associated to marijuana outlines that marijuana use affects both the user and their family members. ASAM is concerned since they see that the sure discussion is only concerned with reforms to the on-going marijuana policy and less(prenominal) concerned with detrimental impact of marijuana consumption. Harmful health and sentry go impacts of marijuana forget be of great importance in the decision making in the development a marijuana policy with an aim of improving public health.Objectives of marijuana legalization            ratifiedization of marijuana is considered as a public and safety measure aimed at reducing drug-associated crimes and as a remedy to harm caused by marijuana control such as incarceration among others. Advocato rs of marijuana believe that legalization of marijuana testament debase illegal marijuana trade and violent crimes associated with the illegal trade. They likewise believe that it exit be a source of revenue as well as reduce cost of law enforcement. in that location is an ongoing research to investigate the impact of marijuana legalization in United States. Prohibition of drugs such as marijuana increases costs of businesses operations due to violence involved to the illegal drug trafficking. The price of marijuana is evaluate to reduce to 80% since the social price depend on commandment and taxes. Retrieved from http//www.asam.org/policies/state-level-proposals-to-legalize-marijuana            RAND research reveals that marijuana legalization I California would not reduce drug trafficking as well as violence associated with illegal drug trafficking. Research reveals that diverted marijuana from legalized production in a tending(p ) country affects all the others since it would lead to reduction of marijuana across that country. harm elasticity of marijuana under legalized plan is complicated since addictive substances digest differently from non-addictive substances. Marijuana legalization will change it from being sumptuousness for first time users to basic necessity to the marijuana addicted persons. Legalization of marijuana is likely to be accompanied by legal publicizing of commercial use marijuana this is likely to increase marijuana consumption. Although most research were carried to investigate effect of marijuana legalization in California, the findings capability also apply in another state. Legalization of marijuana expertness cause effects to the taxes, prices, markets as well as spilling over their effects to the neighboring countries. Legalizing marijuana might be a right gait since it will substantiate impact of violent relate to illegal drug trafficking. It is also believed that public health problems of criminal justice interventions exceed their benefits. This leads to the dubiousness as to whether legalization proposals should be passed and amended. Lessening toughness to marijuana use might not be so much fruitful since there can be little or no reduction in the level of substantial costs and incarceration rates (Morgan, 2011).Negative impact of legalizing marijuana            Any state considering altering legal condition of marijuana should consider the health hazard involved as well as the profit of coping up with criminalization of marijuana use and sale. Legal drug use provides evidence that it is national public health issue. Legal drugs recently cause a havoc on public health sector since it results to substantial health and financial burden. Legalizing marijuana is likely to lead to an increase in the social costs due to taxes imposed due to the sale of the drugs. The cost of coming up with a regulatory pla n for legal marijuana is also unknown. Although legalization of marijuana might be aimed at increasing funding for prevention, addiction and treatment of commercial activities conjugated to legal marijuana. Health effects of gradual increase use of marijuana would rise sharply. It is also likely that legalization of marijuana will be accompanied by increase in number of marijuana related issues such as driving under marijuana influence, violations in act regulating age limits as well as public use violations. Research reveals that marijuana is the most famous drug associated to drugged driving. portentous injuries, crashes and even deaths are commonly linked to habitual marijuana use. doped driving will raise the cost of injuries, loss of lives and crashes. Decreased passageway safety is a major negative impact of marijuana legalization (Gerber et al, 2004).            American Academy of Pediatrics predicted that legalizing marijuana will result to increased use of marijuana amongst the youth. The fact is that there is a positive race between drug use and availability. Advocators of the policy should consider detrimental effects of marijuana availability to the society if the law was passed and amended. There will be an increased incidents of marijuana related cases, addiction as well as the regulatory cost that will be passed to the public in form of taxes.International context            The advocators of marijuana legalization policy usually come from experience from nations with less strict policies on drug use. It should not be understood that no country has ever legalized marijuana. Most countries use decriminalization policies where they have a specific limit of marijuana or a given drug use for personal purposes while drug use for commercial services remains illegal. In a country like Netherlands, commercial drug businesses are illegal and are constrained with criminal sanctions. Other than being arrested, drug users are put in chequer by the Commission for the Dissuasion of Drug Abuse (CDT). This commission dispenses the appropriate vindicatory measures to the drug user where some are receden if they obtain treatment against addiction. A country may be penalized for imposing such a policy to the citizens. For example, recently there was a proposal that Uruguay government would consider marijuana for personal use to the public. However, the fate of this proposed law is not clear. In addition, if the law was to be passed Uruguay would be fined by the United Nations International Narcotics soften Board for going against the United Nations Single Convention of 1961. ASAM encourage gross(a) study and evaluation of distinct drug laws and programs both local and internationalist which will enlighten the public on future strategies that aim at enhancing public health. Retrieved from http//www.asam.org/policies/state-level-proposals-to-le galize-marijuana2012 State-Level proposals on marijuana legalization            Several states such as surgery, Colorado and Washington brought up proposals to legalize marijuana. For instance, Colorado Amendment 64 also known as Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act, if passed the policy would legalize possession, purchase, use, transport and display certain amount of marijuana by large number aged 21 years and above. The state will be responsible for regulation of marijuana sector via licensure of manufacturing, cultivation and retail stores and examination facilities. The Oregon Cannabis Tax Act if passed would bring up Oregon Cannabis Commission to regulate cultivation and sale of marijuana to slew aged 21 years and above. The Washington State Initiative note No. 502, if passed it would regulate and license marijuana distribution, possession and production to people aged 21 years and above. Washington policy would also withdraw civil and criminal activities authorized by the policy. Upon passing these policies, would change everything for example, it would change marijuana from being luxury to first time users to personal use, it will also accelerate tax collection, and commercial use and sale of marijuana. The full impact of effect of legalizing marijuana are unknown (Morgan, 2011).Conclusion            There is great need of considering public health consequences of a policy in front proposing to make changes. There are more negative consequences linked to marijuana legalization as compared to the benefits that advocators think of. People are called upon to study various(a) polices and programs so that they can be able to make appropriate policies that aim at improving the public health of citizens. The legalization policy will make marijuana more get-at-able thus increasing the risk to the youths who might fall in the trap of consuming the drugs. Marijuana legal ization will also lead to an increased activities associated to marijuana such as drugged driving which leads to loss of lives, injuries and crashes.Recommendations            I oppose proposals to legalize use of marijuana in any of the states in America. There is more harm than good of implementing this policy. The predicted public health costs associated to marijuana legalization are high and hurt the citizens and the public policymakers. Health professionals and physicians should enlighten people on the probable effects of implementing such a policy. Marijuana is associated to a lot of negative effects and thus should not be legalized.The following should be recommendedThe public should be enlightened that addiction to marijuana is a public health concern and marijuana is not safe to consume.The physicians should lead the state of war against legalization of marijuana.The parents should be enlightened on the dangers of making marijuan a accessible to their teenage children through legalization of such a policyReferencesGerber, R. J. (2004). Legalizing marijuana drug policy reform and prohibition politics. Westport, Conn. Praeger.Morgan, K. (2011). Legalizing marijuana. Edina, MN ABDO Pub. Co..State-Level Proposals to decriminalize Marijuana. (n.d.). State-Level Proposals to Legalize Marijuana. Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http//www.asam.org/policies/state-level-proposals-to-legalize-marijuanaSource document

Discussion Luminary

Even in the 1960s the jungle remained terra incognita, an unk directn land with the position to hold the engineering of mechanized warf atomic number 18 beyond its periphery. And with good reason, sake though. Men just did not belong at that place. He was not merry to be back. Elliot, never having been in a rainforest, was fascinated skip to next page Because Elliot had looked antecedent to his first experience of the equatorial African rain forest, he was move at how quickly he felt oppressedand how soon he entertained themes of leaving again.Yet the tropical rain forests had spawned most new liveness forms, including man. As he walked through the forest, Elliot found himself thinking of it as an enormous hot, dark womb, a place new species were nourished in unchanging conditions until they were ready to migrate out to the harsher and more variable equable zones. This passing has a couple competing ideas that illuminate the different tensions of Congo. Munro dictates tha t world do not belong in the jungle and despite Elliots initial enthusiasm his later feeling of oppression puts him closer to Munro. notwithstanding Elliot a kindred thinks that the rain forest is where vitality comes from, including adult male, a place free from the technology of mechanized warf be that destroys life without replacing it. So, if we read this together, humans owe a debt to the universal origin of life but are now cut off from it and feel it as a mysterious enemy. In a way, though, language lets us re-enter or re-connect with this origin of life through Amy and her connection to the world of gorillas and humans. cardinal-four hour period 8 Chapter 4 just he know what Munro was saying.Inevitably, people who raised apes found at a certain point they could no longer keep them. With adulthood the animals became too large, too powerful, too much their own species to be statementlable. It was no longer possible to put them in diapers and pretend they were cute an thropomorphic creatures. Their genes coded inevitable differences that ultimately became impossible to overlook. This passageway is interesting because it helps to explain somewhat of the commentary elsewhere in the book about how humans are affecting the world.Like apes, human civilization has grown up and escaped from the control of nature we are too large and too powerful for the jungle to resist our bulldozers and chainsaws. This passage to a fault seems to imply that each species has a genetic nature that it cannot resist, so we will probably be helpless to revert ourselves from exhausting our natural resources unless it is also part of our nature to check ourselves. Day 9 Chapter 1He also found it off that the data recorded by the video camera had to travel more than twenty thousand miles before returning to the display screen, only a a few(prenominal) feet away. It was, he said later, the worlds longest spinal cord, and it produced an left(p) effect. Even at the speed o f combust, the transmission required a ordinal of a second, and since there was a short processing time in the Houston computer, the images did not appear on the screen instantaneously, but arrived about a half a second late. Even out of context this passage is an interesting commentary on our every day lives.Although we know that light and sounds travel at certain speeds we are used to feeling like we are immediately connected to our surroundings however, the infinitesimal gap in the midst of our selves and our world becomes apparent through technology. This is ironic since, as in the passage quoted, technology gives us knowledge of the world we otherwise wouldnt have. But the price of knowing more about the world is that we are also farther away from it. Discussion Director In Day 11 Chapter 2 Ross says, People worship what they fear oping to control it. How might this be a commentary on Congo? Congo creates a charming and mythical species of gorilla to terrorize the intrusive Westerners. Although an alternative explanation in the novel explains what is happening in the city of Zinj, Congo represents to us what we fear. However, what we are led to worship is not the violence of the canescent gorillas but Amys language abilities. The possibility that animals can be equal to humans in mastering language is something we fear and make stories about in the hopes of arrogant it.Day 13 Chapter 1 What does the teams reaction to the discovery of diamonds say about the difference between humans and animals? Animals are usually thought to respond to training in a relatively mechanistic way, whereas humans are thought to possess free will. The recent defeat of the gray apes agrees with this they could not resist the broadcast with their own will and had to obey it. However, redden though the humans are in danger for their lives they pursue the toothsome diamonds as if they are worth more than life itself.How does Crichtons excerption of References make you feel about the truth of the novel? The references show that there are real scientific observations and facts underpinning some of the technical aspects of the novel. On the other hand, it is clearly a novel of fiction that depends on some picturesque fantastic departures from the real world for its effect and to make its points about human-animal communication. at long last it indicates that even scientific facts can be bent around a convincing narrative and put to the service of something that is not scientifically verifiable.

LGBT

A societal movement is a reform concept that characterizes individual bodied effort with roughly degree of organization or alliance. This move is at least partially outside the universal political process and institutions, to flummox about societal change. In the realm of Lesbian, Gay, Bi versed and Transgender rights, activists have play a vital role in reshaping the societal norms, culture and politics. The LGBT be different and unique persons in the world and exhibit an exemplary self-confidence.A common purpose and the goal of the LGBT, in the society is promoting equity the minority. However, some individuals have also focused in building and nurturing LGBT community. They also puzzle out towards promoting social liberation for the broader society from sexual stigmatization and discrimination. The LGBT movement in the world today, constitute of a wide rang of political activism and cultural activity. They thereof strategically adopt lobbying, street demonstrations, comm unity participation and social radical to push for their agenda. The LGBT communities have a universal way of life of identity.Symbols and art of social movement provide meaning, express social and political solidarity with a cross identity. The symbol mostly used by the LGBT community particularly during the 1980-19990 is the pink triangle among others. The pink triangle for example was mostly used by the Nazi community in Germany to label homosexual and lesbianism.The LGBT movements advocates for unique way of lifestyle defined by the world as not normal Consequently, people with such preferences faces a mixed reaction from the normative incision of the community. The LGBT community has therefore continually faced opposing both from individuals and organizations. It is widely believed that people with negative attitude towards lesbians and gays are more likely to be male, politically conservatives, religious and older persons who particularly have little personal contact with openly gay individuals and supports the traditional roles.Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender lifestyle violates the principles of divinity fudge on sexuality. The true sexual identity acceptable by graven image is the sexual union a man and a woman. Other forms of sexual relation are evil and therefore unacceptable before idol and humanity.Culturally the actions of the LGBT community are strongly condemned. Their sexual relation is termed as not normal and therefore adoption of such sexual preferences bunk to alter the system of values defined by the strict timbre of culture. Thus the acts of LGBT go against the cultural uprightness concept of morality. The LGBT is therefore an administration establishes structures that promote healthy living in the society. In fact, the spirit and law of politics has its root from religious and cultural principles. For many years establishment institutions have not appreciated the rights and freedoms of the LGBT individuals. This is pa rtly because LGBT sexual relation violates the principles of political morality. LGBT is a group of normal people and therefore deserve antiauthoritarian space consideration. They should be granted the right and freedom of assembly and expression. However, LG BT community appreciate that they are swimming against the wave of normativity. Thus stigmatizations and discrimination depart still continue.In response to the social seclusion and moral dubiousness that surrounds the LGBT community, my consciousness, culture and faith will not allow me to identify with the LGBT community. I therefore will not accept to wear the identification pin. quotationGoodwin J. and James M.J, The Gay Liberation Movements. In the social Movement commentator Cases and Concept

The Study Of Nanoscience And Nanotechnology Developments Environmental Sciences Essay

Interest in the out of safeguarding the ecological milieu has steadily improver in recent decennaries. Par any(a)el to this involvement, whatsoever companies in assorted sectors thrust increased the degree and quality environmental reading communicated to investors and s encounter feed iners in growth a new sort of revelation, environmental revelation 1 . Several examine workers feature foc utilise on the inducements for houses to get up almost voluntarily erupt entropy on their environmental public deportation.Research on the issue dedicate focused on different facets of this revelation as its clash on stock m wholenesstary values, outlooks of investors and their information demands, appraisals of concern hazard and up reserve on the cost of capital and the desktops for such revelation and the schemes pursue by houses. The bulk of surveies on environmental revelation argon make in essential states manage Canada, the United States, England and Australia, notw ithstanding what or so the service program and relevancy of information environmental context of an emerging jellet?It is more and more common to hear the footings nanotechnology nanoparticles, nano mental synthesiss, and so on in mundane conversations, but for most mass is still hard to conceive of these words out of context of scientific discipline or scientific discipline fiction 2 . However, the repair is required and the surveil of nanoscience and nanotechnology suppurations lead prepare great uphold on societal, heathenish and scotch vitality of all of us daily. Furthermore, the positive scenario presents the great benefits that exit work nanotechnology in the countries of health, nutrient, energy, environment, electronics and telecommunications, and so onlike C nanotubes skunk be used in golf nines for strength and elation, nanosilver is used as an antimicrobic federal agent in socks, and clay nanoparticles mean that beer heap be packaged in plastic. 3 But nanotechnology besides brings some(prenominal) hazards with it environmental and wellness jeopardies and this should be disclosed to the populace so that they can take portion in the determinusination doing associating to the usage of this applied science and be able to forestall themselves from the realistic jeopardies of nanotechnology and supply solutions to cut down these jeopardies. Some of the mathematical hazardeous belongingss of nanomaterials atomic number 18 that they aptitude penetrate the split-br ain barrier every bit not bad(predicate) as the blood-lungs barrier. 4 Hazards like these give us all grounds to fear about seams like asbestos 2.0 scenario, in which a considerable figure of merchandises incorporating nanomaterials superpower hold to be recalled from the market. There is already some grounds that reliable nano tubings might hold belongingss similar to asbestos. Therefore, virtuoso can non be excessively certain for how long market participa nts, particularly consumers, will be ready to bury populating under this Damocles blade of uncertainness. 5 more than specific natural rubber concerns allow most notoriously the jolts of nanosilver s powerful antimicrobic force on ecosystems, and the realizable asbestos-like personal effects of certain signifiers of C nanotube in the lung. 6 But the problematic inquiry is that whether we be ready to accept the advantageous nanotechnology with all its disadvantages and sick effects. And are we active to battle the ailments of nanotechnology particularly when the degree of induction required to take action is genuinely high. This is so because the noxious impact of the nanomaterials has non been wholly established to everyone s satis noteion.In this brief question, we try to seek whether the current Torahs plenty to cover with the jobs arrestd by the usage of nanomaterials or do we necessitate nano Torahs to cover with the unanticipated possible menaces. We besides reason effects of nanotechnology and speak about the function of public engagement in nanotechnologies and how it can assist work out the conflicting visions for nanotechnology and sustain readiness.The purpose of this research is to measure the importance of the function of public engagement in sustainable nanotechnology evolution. The survey will besides accomplish the succeeding(prenominal) aimsBasic taking into custody of nanotechnologyProfessionals and cons of nanotechnologyComparisons of policies and ordinances of nanotechnology of UK, US and ChinaThe importance of function of public engagement in nanotechnologyScience and design brings both the benefits every bit good as losingss for the society and environment. The importance of this survey is that it helps measure how public engagement can assist cut down the negative impacts of scientific discipline and engineering in the society and environment.The survey will seek and reply the undermentioned research inquiriesWhat is nanotechnologyWhat are its possible benefits and jeopardies?What is the importance of public engagement in the sustainable development of nanotechnology?The research is based on the aggregation of auxiliary informations. The information is extracted from a assortment of articles, diaries and books. Secondary research means that the information is ga on that pointd from publications, literatures, broadcast media and other non- pitying beginnings. The method used here for research is qualitative.Chapter 2NanotechnologyNanotechnology a signifier of molecular technology promises important societal benefits. The term nanotechnology encompasses an emerging household of heterogeneous engineerings including nanosciences and nanotechnologies enabling the use of affair at the atomic degree . 7 Nanotechnology is the new developing field of unifying(a) scientific discipline and engineering. It is believed by its advocates that nanotechnology or Nano has the possible to alter the economic system and the criterions of life. 8 It is seen as agencies to seven-day, healthier life with riddance of life threatening diseases. 9 Nanoscience is the survey of the cardinal rules of molecules and constructions with at least one dimension approximately amid 1 and 100 nanometres ( one-billionth of a metre, or 10-9 ) , otherwise cognise as the nanoscale. 10 Called nanostructures, these are the smallest good things possible to do. 11 Nanotechnology is the ability to step, see, manipulate and industry things normally between 1 and 100 nanometres. A nanometre is one billionth of a metre a human hair is approximately 100,000 nanometres broad. In 2007, the quicksilver(a) market for goods integrating nanotechnology was 147 billion. Lux Research undertakings that figure will increase to $ 3.1 billion by 2015 12 .Nanoscience can be described as those who study constructions or objects with at least one dimension in the nanometer graduated table. The analysis of these co nstructions includes the word picture of their belongingss ( whether mechanical, electronic, optical, magnetic, etc. ) the survey of interaction may hold with other nanostructures, with electromagnetic moving ridges, etc. , and the description of phenomena that occur at this degree 13 . On the other manus, nanotechnology corresponds to the technological capacity to modify and pull strings affair to develop useable constructions and devices with dimensions below 100 nanometers, for possible technological applications. For simile, a construction regular(prenominal) of the devices produced by the microelectronics industry current would be 100s of times vaingloriousr than a nanostructure with dimensions below a few 10s of nanometres 14 .There is certain position of singularity in these nano atoms and the scientists use this singularity to develop merchandises. Even though the nanotechnology is still on its research stage there are many articles/applications utilizing this engine ering acquirable in the market, such as miniaturized nanoscale detectors, and devices for screening deoxyribonucleic acid molecules, pigments, glare-reducing coating for spectacless and cars, total visible radiation breathing rectifying tubes used in laptop computing machines, cell phones, and digital cameras, featuring goods, cosmetics, stain-resistant vesture, and cosmetics, sunblocks.From the environment position destine this engineering is both advantageous and disputing. The benefits include remediation, monitoring, and green production. For illustration, field trials bear witness that Fe nanoparticles can be used to clean up shite by neutralizing contaminations such as polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT, and dioxin. Possibly the greatest promise that nanotechnologies hold for the environment, nevertheless, may be the mode in which they could basically alter the flair goods are manufactured. Traditional fabrication requires big sums of natural stuffs bring forthing molder a nd risky by merchandises in the procedure. Nanotechnology allows for edifice from the underside up utilizing scarcely those molecules that are needed for the merchandise, thereby extinguishing waste at the beginning. 15 Sadly plenty even though nanotechnology is positively touching are modern lives in legion ways really small is known about the jeopardies of this engineering. The jeopardies are chiefly link up to the usage, industry and the disposal of merchandises prepared from nanotechnology. The informations associated with these hazards is really minimum and is nt easy available for the populace. Many feel that the vapourish assortment of the applications, belongingss expressed, paths of characterization and agencies of disposal make it particular(a)ly disputing to place, estimation, and pull glowering any hazards posed by nanotechnologies. Knowledge of the chemical belongingss of a shopping centre when in majority may non assist foretell how that substance will act at t he nanoscale. For illustration, aluminium is inert when it takes the signifier of a sodium carbonate can, but is extremely explosive in nanoform. 16 The exceptional(a) features of nanomaterials, jointly with the wellness and environmental jeopardies, create what the Twenty Seventh tale of the UK s Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution ( RCEP ) refers to as a control quandary to which there are no mere(a) and straightforward solutions. 17 A The state of affairs becomes even worse because of the fact that we are non cognizant of all possible jeopardies which these nanomaterials are capable of doing and thence no appropriate hazard direction government 18 can be established.The hard inquiries are non about theA legitimacyA of modulating on the footing of caoutchouc, but about theA acceptabilityA and theA certaintyA of the hazard. Safety concerns about nanomaterials by and large include inquiries about the ability of substances at the nanoscale to get the better of some o f the organic structure s natural defense mechanisms, such as tegument, lungs, or the brain/blood barrier, and their possible to prevail in the environment. 19 More specific safety concerns include most notoriously the impacts of nanosilver s powerful antimicrobic consequence on ecosystems, and the possible asbestos-like effects of certain signifiers of C nanotube in the lung. 20 A But there is still an on-going argument on jeopardies versus the benefits that this engineering brings with it.Although the Royal Commission on the Environmental Pollution ( RCEP ) is of the position that the bing ordinances have the capacity to cover with the apprehended hazard associated with the nonomaterial, the job is that they do non adequately do so. 21 Today nanotechnology is deriving a batch of attending and accordingly it is really of import to pay attending to its social dimensions.Even though nanotechnology have found their manner into the bing ordinances it is still of import to modify so me ordinances within bing models to reflect the jeopardy presented by free nanoparticles and nanotubes. It has been recommended by the RS/RAEng that all relevant regulative organic structures review the capacity of bing ordinances to protect worlds and the environment from possible jeopardies associated with the usage of nanomaterials. 22 Although it is felt by many that to a big extent the bing ordinances are adequate in integrated nanomaterials and the jeopardies caused by them but still there are some loopholes in the system. The assertion that the current existing ordinances are adequate to integrate nanomaterials may be due to the fact that we are still incognizant of the possible dangers and menaces caused by these stuffs. This raises the inquiry that whether these ordinances are capable of accomplishing a nice degree of safety?Harmonizing to the RCEP study nanotechnologies are covered by a complex set of bing regulative governments in the Fieldss of consumer, public wellness and environmental protection. 23 However notwithstanding these regulative governments they still sometimes fail to account for 100 % safety. For this ground the RCEP came up with the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical Substances or collide with. This has brought with it a immense alteration in the methodological analysis of covering with chemical substances. REACH does non incorporate anything specific refering nanotechnology it applies to new and existing chemicals and their usage, import and industry. Under this written law it is mandatory for everyone covering with chemicals the makers, importers and other users to vouch that the chemicals used or manufactured does non negatively concern human wellness or the environment.It makes registration a compulsory demand for those covering with chemicals. This helps in obtaining relevant information about the chemicals being dealt with by the makers or the importers, giving the European Chemicals situation an chance to measure and look into chemicals. This manner the activities that are disabilityful for the human wellness and environment can be singled out and can be restricted.REACH helps in advancing informed, transparent and unfastened decision-making, and provides a advance(a) and flexible regulative model. However, its relevancy and application to nanomaterials is limited. While REACH is puting its speech pattern on the metric tons of chemicals being released, we fail to gain the deadening caused by them at nano degree, such as concerns associating to the inspiration of C nanotubes are non related, as such, to the measure of their production. Nanomaterials are evidently less likely to run into a tunnage threshold because, for any substance, there will be many more nanoparticles to the metric ton than larger atoms. 24 Although one might reason that these ordinances can be applied to all harmful substances irrespective of their size or signifier but it is besides accredited that for such ordinances to go applicable the injury should be apparent on a really big graduated table to present possible menace to human life and the environment. It is unless so that the usage of those peculiar categories of nanomaterials will be classified as unacceptable and banned by the competent governments, which is practically about impossible.Professionals AND CONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGYScience and engineering are clearly societal existences by the fact that they belong to the same society. However, persons of the society have imperious right of oppugning on the benefits or negative impacts a peculiar groundwork or development engineering could hold on society. Therefore, possible developments like nanotechnology or any new engineering that comes on the market are evidently susceptible to such appraisal. There are many illustrations of engineerings with good repute beginning subsequently on nem con being rejected, and frailty versa. It is in the current epoch t he mass media can be constructed to be the Judgess of possible injuries or benefits of new engineerings. The chief job frequently viewed on the topic of unfavorable judgment is to acquire the public create their ain thought to happen the balance between the pros and cons 25 . This has happened historically with applications in the field of energy atomic, with the usage of assorted types of radiation, and more late with development of genetically modified beings, cloning and technology, merely to call a few.ProfessionalsThe possible application countries in which scientists say nanotechnology will impact positively are Storage, production and energy transition, Increase in agricultural productiveness and fella sensing, Wastewater intervention and air pollution solutions, Diagnosis, monitoring and remedy of diseases systems medicate disposal, Processing of nutrient and other consumer goods, New stuffs for assorted industries ( fabrics, automotive, building, picture, athleticss ) , G eneral development of nanoelectronics, optoelectronics and bioelectronics and more more.ConEric Drexler in his book The Rise of the machines to make was the first to convey to the cognition of the general populace an overview of this new molecular engineering 26 . That describes non merely the tremendous capacity and possible nanotechnology, but besides the impact it may hold on the Fieldss medical, environmental and economic, every bit good as the hazards and frights associated 27 . However, many surveies are still seeking to find the impact of the nutrient produced from these GMOs in the wellness of consumers or environment in the wretched and long term.These ruinous visions about the possible negative deductions of developments in nanotechnology have non stopped the immense investings economic assistance for research in nanoscience and nanotechnology by big transnational companies in all industries and public in developed states. Unfortunately, it besides spends big sums of m oney to analyze the possible applications of Military nanotechnology. With incompatibility we hear about arms biological / chemical computerized sufficiently legal devices little to avoid sensing, smart arms to kill merely spend enemies and non guiltless people, etc. As we have seen, nanotechnology has a character sincerely multidisciplinary, with many possible application Fieldss for their development ( wellness, communications, ecology, nutrient, military, etca ) . So if we assess their impact on human activities as diverse, it is non we can non generalise and utilize the good-bad wave-particle duality for making 28 . We realize that all the possible utilizations and hazards unwanted potency of nanotechnology are straight related.It is obvious that big corporations seeking to retrieve their investing and reckon in the smallest clip possible regardless of possible negative effects the engineering may hold on consumer and worker wellness or the environment 29 . The fact is t hat consumer ends up being a surety of large companies. For the state of affairs seems more awful and a grade of cynicism, so does with military applications in which the side that develops engineering will last no peculiar usage to their advantage to rule his opposition.However, due to the rapid development of scientific and chair a small the great duty of scientists to society, we can state that sometimes they are unable to spot in the short term possible negative impacts or that could hold applications in the futurity their surveies, particularly when it comes to basic scientific discipline research or cardinal.The job with nanomaterials is that their dimensions are similar to some biological molecules and so they are really much capable of interacting with the biological molecules. These nanomaterials can travel within the organic structure of populating beings including worlds and can traverse cell membranes and reach the blood and var. meats like liver and bosom of the life organic structure. The insoluble nanoparticles pose a greater menace to the human organic structure as they can lodge with within the organic structure for a longer clip.The nanoparticles which are inhaled by the human organic structure have the inclination of attaching itself to the lungs and thereby travel to assorted other variety meats and even damage the fetus in instance of pregnant adult females. These inhaled nanomateirals might take a deadly signifier within the human organic structure and cause lung redness and other jobs. Although the nanoparticles are used in drungs to touch on as a drug bearer and present more drugs to the mark cells but sometimes it becomes really difficult to separate the toxic atoms from the remainder, illustration the nanoparticles have the potency to traverse the blood encephalon barrier and present the drugs straight to the encephalon. However in stead of the limited information available about the sick effects of these nanoparticles it is rath er possible for them to be toxic to the encephalon.The information on the side effects is scarce, it is expected to be much worse than what is known besides the effects are dependent on a scope of factors like age, unsusceptibility, presence of other pollutants, wellness jobs etc.Apart from the above discussed sick effects its sad to describe that there are about no publications on the sick effects of nanoparticles on animate beings and workss in the environment. Owing to the nature and inclination of the nanoparticles to attach with the cells and hybridize cellular membranes it can non be denied that they cause some serious harm to the works and carnal life along with human life. Persistent indissoluble nanoparticles may do jobs in the environment that are much greater than those revealed by human wellness appraisals. 30 CONCLUSION- ARE THE METHODOLOGIES AVAILABLE TO judge THE HAZARDS ADEQUATE?With respect to this inquiry the Scientific Committee on acclivitous and Newly Identi fied Health Risks ( SCENIHR ) is of the sentiment that although the bing methods seem appropriate but they are decidedly non adequate to turn to all sorts of environmental menaces. More specifically, the manner of bringing of the nanoparticle to the trial system should adequately reflect the movie scenarios. Extra trials may be needed. also showing the dosage of exposure in footings of mass alone is non sufficient it besides needs to be expressed in footings of entire surface country, figure of atoms, or a combination of the two. The bing methods used for environmental exposure appraisal are non needfully allow. Therefore, the current hazard appraisal processs require alteration for nanoparticles. 31 Besides harmonizing to SCENIHR despite the fact that there is an increasing focal point on the nanotechnology there is still insufficient cognition and informations refering nanoparticle word picture, their sensing and measuring, the component ( and particularly the continuity ) of nanoparticles in worlds and in the environment, and all facets of toxicology and environmental toxicology related to nanoparticles, to let for satisfactory hazard appraisals for worlds and ecosystems to be performed. 32 The SCENIHR commission was of the position that there are certain positions that need to be filled for an change hazard appraisal for the merchandises and these include the word picture of mechanics, dynamicss, production and readiness of the nanotechnology and nanoparticles. Besides data on the toxicokinetic informations to place the mark variety meats and to fall the effects of the nano sized atoms on them. Harmonizing to the commission it is besides of import to hold full information of the occupational exposure and other possible wellness jeopardies on the workers who are involved in managing these nanosized atoms.

Development of a Proposed Commercial Building

ContentssBACKGROUND OF THE cat OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ..Facilities IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS AUTHORITIES/GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .Duties of parties ..G everyplacenment/client ..Public decease section ..Evaluation OF PROCUREMENT METHODS RECOMMEDATION Choice PROCEDURES .Decision .BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECTProposed commercialized createOBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECTThe aims of the said down the stairstaking i.e. make upion of commercial centre is a government ain task. When completed, it is expected to tack on a contri in whatsoever eventing environment for commercial activities. therefore, to accomplish the underline mark, certain(a) standards have to be met in term of conduciveness for the activities to be carried let out. The edifice is to be construc ted for commercial intent and so the grand for ground have to be in topographic point.Therefore, the procurement to be usage for edifice and methods is re eithery of here and now as it affect the appeal, grapheme and discerp of bringing of the toil. As given, the clip for parturiency completion is 2 old ages under certain conditions. It is important to understand what type of procurance to achieve certain trifle type, within the demarcated clip and at an low-priced embody.Possibly, it is of import to understand the ground for construction ( economic activities ) to do the edifice functional. Most popular edifices failed beca handling a clear mark is non place for the edifice familiar instauration. To accomplish these, a consecutive thrash frame should be arranged with a clear mark building.FacilitiesFacilities in commercial edifices argon so mevery and argon provided harmonizing to the functions/ public presentation of the commercial edifice. such(prenominal) edi fices include office edifices, industrial, retail/restaurant, multifamily, land and assorted. Therefore, the inst totallyments provided for each of the above lengthiness commercial edifices varies depending on the type of edifice convey.Below be roughly of the installations in commercial edificesRecreational installationsRestaurantTicket counterWorship country such as surauAce marketMerchandise disturb countryRest room/changing roomShopsBank facilities/ ATM machineSiting installations for wheel chair usersInquiry officesCustom countryWaiting country etcIDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMSIn or so cases, the authorities undertakes big scale undertakings and public installations such as, main roads, larning establishments, infirmaries and athletic competition installations. They are non net income oriented but important in footings of bringing, note of plants and safeguard. Unfortunately a figure of authorities funded undertaking in the bring up suffered. They failed to accomplish th e said quality and agenda.The deficiency of range for breaking building strength and derived relevant quality and efficiency mark and public presentation travel for building plants.Failure to analyze current image and the range for betterment by invention in merchandise and procedures.Failure to place specific actions and good pattern which would assist accomplish more efficient building in footings of quality and client satisfaction, seasonableness in bringing and honour for notes.AUTHORITIES/GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESDuties of partiesBasically thither are three parties commandd in this undertaking, to which if any mistake arises go away be held obligated. These parties includeThe authorities who happens to be the client and to which gives the contract under a certain ministry.The question avower of the undertakingThe health and synthetic rubber put law and enforcement bureau, which is responsible for the effectiveness execution of the so called safety and health policies.Government/clientThe Government as the client and as the client and as the owner of the undertaking has a diverse duties. The authorities is supposed to name a competent numberer or supervisor who go forth supervise the undertaking from the start until finishing phase. The planning supervisor to the edifice is specifically referred to in the SBC ( standard edifice contract ) as being prescribed by the employer, and to which the planning supervisor is stated to be the designer unless some some otherwise single is identified. The planning supervisor is indispensable toEnsure that the design eliminate foreseeable hazard.Ensure co-operation surrounded by inside designers.Be able to advice the client as the employer is termed in CDM94 ( building design worry ) on the competency of decreed interior decorators.Be able to advice the client on competency of the contractile organ.Ensure ingestying of bill of sub health and safety program for the cont ractors at stamps phase.Give notice of the undertaking to the wellness and safety executive.Review and amend the wellness and safety files as reverse returns.Deliver the wellness and safety files to the client on completion of the undertaking.The brain contractorThe overlook contractor is stated to be the contractor or such house contractor as the employer shall name as the chief contractor consistent to regulation 6 ( 5 ) of CDM 94. The employer must be moderately conform to that such principle contractor is competent and can apportion qualified resources to guarantee contraption with ordinances. The chief contractor is required toEnsure that other contractors pursue with their duties on wellness and safety affairs.Co-ordinate co-operate between sub-contractorsEnsure conformity with wellness and safety programs.Ensure that all relevant man-to-mans comply with all the wellness and safety programs.Ensure that merely authorized individual are allowed on site.Expose a likenes s of noticed submitted the wellness and safety executive.Supply the planning supervising with the reading required for the wellness and safety files.Instruct other contractors so that the rule contractors responsibilities are comply with.Health and safety ordinance fundamental structuresThe section of occupational safety and wellness ( DOSH ) and other bureaus has ordinances that lay down the legal demand to guarantee that the safety and wellness of non merely the moulders at topographic point of work but besides the populace every bit good. These guidelines applied to all work in edifice operation and work of technology building activities in Malaysia. Covered by the occupational safety and wellness act 1994 ( bet 514 ) the mill and machine act 1967 ( ACT 139 ) and all the ordinances made thither under. It is designated to function as a ready to hand mention and to read together with above mentioned statute law and other industry computer code of patterns.In this, the section wellness safety and wellness work in coaction with other ordinance organic structures to congratulate their policies. These are field of study Institute of Safety and Health ( NAOSH ) .Construction Industry Development Board ( CIDB ) .All these organic structures mentioned supra are to guarantee zero accident is obtained both at topographic point of work subsequently the chief building and besides during constructions procedure.AimsTo procure the safety, wellness and public assistance of individual at work against hazards of safety and wellness originating out of activities of individuals at work.To cherish individuals at topographic point of work other than individual at work against hazards to safety and wellness originating out of individual at work.To occur an occupational environment for individual at work which is adapted to their physiologic and physiological demands?To supply agencies where by the associated occupational safety and wellness ordinances perchance increasi ngly by a brass of ordinances and supply industry codification of pattern operating in combination with the proviso of this act designed to keep or improved the criterion of safety and wellness.Public work sectionThe public work section is the authorities functionary which is under a certain ministry of Housing Urban and Rural development. The duty of this authorization is to put to end and work with chief metropolis program. The multitudes in bend must work with the local authorization so as to accomplish the metropolis captain program. Therefore, every person or company volition to raise any construction must subject their buildings propose program to local authorization for blessing.Possibly, this authorization already put up programs for the superior general public use ( Internet Explorer Areas set out for industrial, commercial and residential countries ) . By and large, when there is disapproval from the local authorization, the aggrieved person/s can ever appeal for ble ssing until a certain mis give is reach by both parties. Therefore, the local authorization is responsible for giving out buildings programs and specification.Evaluation OF PROCUREMENT METHODSThe definition of procurance is the obtaining of goods and serve . besides in building, it is to obtaining the whole spectrum of good, stuffs, works and go in vow to plan, construct and bursting charges a edifice that delivers the best possible value for the money for the client over its life rhythms. In traditionally, standards for the choice for good, stuffs, works and services has been the cheapest or lowest monetary value command. However, for presents, the accent has changed from cheapest cost to scale value. The procedure of obtaining a scope of building services and providers in order to present a building solution to identified demands.The procurance demands of the undertaking isTimeCostQuality or specificationTypes of ProcurementThere are many types of procurance which design ba sed on the demand of the undertaking and the demands of the client in the undertaking. The contrary types of procurement represent different advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the client should take consequently to their figure and demands in the undertaking. Although that have many types of procurance but in Malaysia are merely focus.Traditional procuranceThis procurance method is client appointed a design team by his ain and completed the rough drawing of undertaking consequently. After that, the client will name a chief contractor to transport out the building harmonizing to the drawing and specification worn up by the design squad. At the same clip, the building work will be advice by the leader of the design squad, which is architect or civil technology.Direct relationshipIndirect relationshipAdvantagesThe unit grade allow easiness of rating for the phase payments of work carried out and for any fluctuation to the original design.All parties have a clear image and res ponsible as to the extent of their duties.It gives a clear abbreviation of the cost of all facets of the undertaking.DisadvantagesChanges may take to differences or claim.Take clip in design phase.Design does non lucre to building experience.Design and spend a penny ProcurementThis procurance is client merely appointed a contractor. The contractor will prolong his ain design squad to plan consequently the demand of the proprietor so he will construct consequently.AdvantagesLess proficient hazard because the contractor is responsible to plan and construct based on their experiences.Save clip due to no tendering is needed.Disadvantages1.Cost will happen upon by terminal of design.2. The contractor may cut down the quality to maximum their net incomes.Prison guardThe prison guard is a type of undertaking that is constructed so that it could be sold to any purchaser as a completed merchandise. This is contrasted with physique to order, where the builder builds an point to the p urchasers exact specifications, or when an uncomplete merchandise is sold with the inaugurate that the purchaser would finish it. Main contractor responsible for design. Main contractor responsible for building. chief contractor installed the trappingsAdvantagesi?s1. A prison guard contract is one in which an independent agent agrees to supply stuffs and labour to complete a undertaking and so turn it over to the proprietor for a fixed monetary value.2. No spending of toilsome currency until the undertaking is done.Disadvantagesi?sNot easy method and affect elevated capableness of boosters.Transaction cost is highProcurement based on Case Study ground on the scenario, the suited procurance is utilizing Novated prison guard Procurement. The theory of this procurance is the client. Because the recent oil company come ining Malayan market willing to fund a new community centre, when organisations or persons wish to tolerate a new installation, or carry out renovation or care of an bing installation, they will be involved in some from of procument. There are a assortment of different methods for securing this new installation, non all of which involve building as a solution.RECOMMEDATIONI would recomment the usage of building commissioning for this undertaking with carefully selected director who will in individual care the undertaking and pull off it good. This is because building direction is flexible, efficient and cost effectual.There should be a Study Committee to consulted and guarantee the concluding study addressed client concerns.Information and Material Obtained in Interviews. The advisers and clients appreciate the clip and attempt of persons and organisations who supplied information, fiscal records, remarks, and observations with respect to building of commercial edifice for this Study.It is of import to utilize some natural stuff so as to do mention informations in the study, with ascription to the beginning. It besides to supply a strategic al attack to the commercial edifice proviso within the territory required. It is recommended that earlier any important following stairss are taken with respects to the building advancement, the commercial and political treatments that are required associating to the possible support of the new Centre.Such commission should be able to supply extra information which relate to the undertaking life rhythm, so cost benefit analysis to the proposed undertaking is expected to positively lend towards the local economic system through increased investing in sport/recreational installation and subsequent commercial/economic activities. On the other manus, associated undertaking activities may do some negative environmental impacts. The chief end of the commission is to supply an rating as to whether the undertaking will convey a net overall addition or loss to society from the environmental base point.This survey adopts the impact pathway attack ( IPA ) where the physical environmental impa cts are linked to an economic rating procedure.Choice PROCEDURESThe choice process for the close acceptable method for building of the commercial edifice is base on cost, quality and clip. It was to follow with the said importance of the undertaking precedence. These choice processs areIdentifying which of the above building procurance method would supply the needed demand for clip decrease i.e to finish undertaking with the given stipulated clip.Cost decrease or direction is of kernel, so which of the methods would be cost effectual.Identify the best method with building efficiency and derived relevant quality and efficiency mark and public presentation steps for building plants.Traditional methodThe traditional signifier of procurance is where the interior decorator does non hold direct nexus with the specializer and all communicating is via the chief contractor who in many instances will non accept design liability.Design and inning MethodDesign and Build procurance method is o ne in which a design-build contractor is given the duty of transporting out both the design and building of the undertaking for the client.Management Contracting MethodThis scheme involves the owner/ developer come ining into an understanding with Management asserter who in bend contracts with single trade contractors.The proprietor pays the cost of the work contracts every bit good as the direction fee for the direction services.Fig 2.0 demoing the different procurance methods and their effectivity in relation to cost, quality, and clip.Traditional MethodDesign and Build MethodManagement CatchingTime this is considered as the most(prenominal) clip devouring type of procurance methodTime It is cognize as fast piece of land method because of its nature of build ability.Time It is the fastest method comparison to the othersCost Cost or monetary value certainty is reasonably good. Client can be certain in respects to amount spend.Cost This method provides a better bundle and value f or money spends on the undertaking.Cost It is the least in comparing with the others.Quality This method provides a high grade of quality and certain criterion.Quality It is frequently found out that the quality under this catching system tends to be questionable.Quality The certainty in relation to the quality of work is dependent on the bundle contractors. But it is better than D &038 A B in comparing.The tabular coordinate above contains critical information on the different procurance methods. apiece method has its ain characteristic feature and advantages, sing the different factors i.e. cost quality and clip. It is of import to cognize that one method could non be use as best pattern for all building type. To urge the most effectual method for certain undertaking, the aim and intent for the said building must be understood.DecisionEach undertaking procurance system has its ain distinctive feature in footings of the Pretender and station stamp activities and procedures, div ision of hazards between client and contractors, and the effectivity of undertaking monitoring and control.It is really of import at the really beginning of a undertaking to carefully see all factors when choosing the most appropriate procurance attack for a building undertaking. This is because each system has its ain characteristic and distinctive feature that will hold consequence on the cost, clip and quality of the undertaking i.e. the undertaking public presentation. Aiming to get the better of typical jobs of separation of executing from be aftering and after the-fact discrepancy sensing presently experienced in the existent patterns, a vision for the this coevals of building planning and control is proposed to get the better of life undertaking executing job. It is of import to utilize current building pattern for effectual consequences.

How Similar Were the Achievements and Limitations of Nationalism in Southeast Asia Before 1941?

The period before 1941 can besides be referred to as the pre-war period before the Japanese Occupation. The Southeast Asian superpatriotic movements thusly had similar effects and limitations. Their achievements were scarce as the studyity of the population was politically apathetic. To provide to this, the national groups often lacked visual sense pledge and military effectuality. The greatest achievement of these flag-waving(a)ic movements, though, would be that they managed to unify a diverse group of muckle who had little in common by providing them with a common suffice to overthrow the colonial government.The chief(prenominal) achievement of pre-war nationalist movements was that they were able to perplex the hoi polloi of the country together using the concept of territorial nationalism. These nationalist movements started off with ethnic aims so as to appeal to the masses. However, the difference amidst these movements lie in whether or not the national ist leaders could go beyond these aims to band together the people of the country.In the case of Vietnam and Indonesia, the nationalist leaders managed to make use of these aims to develop a territorial personal identity whereas in Malaya, the nationalist groups were unable to put aside their racial differences and hence bonded only within their communities to establish ethnic nationalism. This can be seen from how in Indonesia, nationalism was initially focused on Java hardly afterward spread to include the rest of Indonesia. One major achievement of Indonesian nationalism is that of the Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (PPPKI) established in the late 1920s.It created a clip of common national idioms such(prenominal) as the red and white national flag and the national anthem Indonesia Raya. It also came up with the idea of Indonesia comprising of one people, one language, one homeland, which is indicative of the Indonesians unwavering cry for in dependence1 and even tried to cut across the company lines in their attempt to achieve it. Similarly, in Vietnam, there was an evident shift from cultural nationalism before 1920 to more territorial nationalism (not from religious to secular. number back to your main point ) after 1920. Previously, before 1920, Nationalism was captive very much to the Tonkin region, with the Dong Kinh Free School being set up in 1908 to promote cultural nationalism. Later, secular nationalist groups such as the Vietnam Quoc Dang Dang (VNQDD) and the Indochina Communist fellowship (ICP) emerged with a more political political program aimed at a more inclusive national identity, as seen from the option of words in their names Vietnam and Indochina.Following that, in 1941, the Vietminh was established as a more unite nationalist administration in reply to Japanese involvement in Vietnam, and tried to mobilise nationalists beyond party lines, appealing to both communists and non-communists alike . This dominant organisation stood strong and later conquestfully led Vietnam to achieve independence. In Malaya however, nationalism ironically made the racial lines of Malaya more evident.The emergence of the Singapore Malay Union, the Malayan Communist companionship (MCP) which comprised of mainly Chinese and the Central Indian Association of Malaya (CIAM)2 further provoked the pluralistic society in Malaya, thus making a united strive for independence impossible. With the exception of Malaya, the pre-war nationalist movements generally managed to bond the people of the country together. This would facilitate future movements to overthrow the colonial powers.A major limitation of the nationalist movements before 1941 was that they lacked mass support even though some groups managed to achieve a popular appeal. For example, in Vietnam, the Indochina Communist fellowship (ICP) lacked mass support but had some appeal due to its adaptationist leaders. It associated its aims with s uperstitions and anachronic customs and disguised its communist stand to appeal to the Vietnamese, as fabianism lacked a direct appeal then. 3 This action of using folk righteousness to disguise its communist front was also adopted by the PKI in Indonesia, which rallied the peoples support by calling for a holy war or a jihad, against the Dutch.It portrayed capitalism as promoting greed and distance from God, and imperialism as threatening the world of Islam so as to stir up feelings of evoke amongst the Indonesians. 4 However, there are nationalist groups in Southeast Asia which severely lacked mass support such as the Young Malay Union (KMM) in Malaya, whose idea of a merger with Indonesia did not appeal to the Malayans. 5 Furthermore, in Indonesia, although the Indies Party tried to appeal to all races and beyond Java, it had limited appeal as it was predominantly an Eurasion organisation with only 7700 members. As such, whether or not nationalist groups were able to achieve a mass appeal depended on how easily they modified their methods to appeal to the peasants. Hence, the nationalist movements before 1941 generally lacked the mass support they needed to succeed.Even if mass support was achieved, this does not guarantee success of the nationalist movements as the example of Sarekat Islam clearly demonstrates. Despite its mass following(a) of 2 million, its lack of a united front seriously undermined its potential, and it was at long last torn apart by internal divisions between the Marxists and Islamic leaders. some other limitation of pre-war nationalism was that they often lacked military strength to launch a successful large-scale revolt and were hence vulnerable to the suppression of the colonial powers.This can be seen in the Vietnam Quoc Dang Dang (VNQDD)s failure to overthrow the french colonial government during the Yen Bay Uprising of 1930. Their home-made weapons were inferior to the advanced ones of the French hence the uprising was q uickly put down by the French. As a result of this episode, its founder, Thai Hoc and other leading figures were captured. This deprived the organisation of good leadership it needed to launch another large-scale nationalist movement thereby preventing them from regaining their political strength again. 6 Similarly, in Indonesia, although the Perserikatan Komunis di India (PKI) managed to gather support to form an army called the Red Guards of 3000, their military power was dumb uncomparable to that of the Dutch. They attempted to stage a revolution in 1926 but failed. After the revolt, the Dutch arrested 13,000 of them, imprisoned 4,500, interned 1,308 and exiled 823 to Digul, West New Guinea. This severely feeble the membership of the PKI and they were finally outlawed by the Dutch in 1927. 7 Hence, pre-war nationalism failed partially because of the militarily weak nationalist movements.In conclusion, the achievements and limitations of the SEA nationalist movements before 194 1 were largely similar, with the lack of mass support and military strength being the key weaknesses. As nationalism during that period was quite under-developed, the main achievement of these movements in Vietnam and Indonesia would be that it managed to bond the people together towards a more inclusive territorial-based national identity that would serve as a stepping stone for further nationalist movements.

National Bank of Pakistan

PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT SEMESTER FALL 10 FINAL REPORT RESEARCH LOCATION NATIONAL BANK OF PAKISTAN HEADOFFICE radical MANAGEMENT PREPARED BY Nash Jinia 4456 Sarosh Ejaz 5050 Irfan Ali 5129 Jehanzaib 4591 SUBMITTED TO MAM AMBER RAZA COURSE ID 10108 DATED fourteenth NOVEMBER,2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS S. NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 1 Ac make doledgments 2 2 An Introduction NBP 3 3 Vision and Mission 4 4 counselling and st commitgic Values 5 5 NBP governingal body construction & international ampereere Leadership 7 6 SWOT digest 10 7 Questions and Answers 12 8 Our Findings 17 9 wherefore consummation at NBP? 24 0 Conclusion 25 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We find with the name of Allah, the closely beneficent, the nearly(prenominal) merciful. We thank Him for giving us the dominance and visions to complete this task as He gives only. We would physiquered to thank Mr. Jamil Akhtar (AVP Logistics Wing) who genial referred us to antithetical de congealments. We would in any( prenominal)(prenominal) upshot bid to thank entirely the mental faculty members of the National pious platitude of Pakistan ( sharpen office), who gave us some(prenominal) of their valu equal condemnation to resolvent exclusively the questions we had regarding their meditate and working of the HR department and also for providing us with such accurate knowledge of their system especi anyy Mr.Mohib-ur-Rehman (Manager Employee Communication). We would also like to thank our t some(prenominal)lyer and guide, Mam Amber Raza for giving us the re search topics as our final term report, which gave us the opportunity to move forward and look the real world scenarios and the working of the system in the public sphere which benefitted us both the much us macrocosm BBA students, and, with whose guidance we were able to put to perishher all the nurture necessary in forming this report.AN origin NBP National entrust of Pakistan is the broadst commercial jargon operating in Pakistan. Its counterbalance sheet size surpasses that of any of the separate intrusts functioning locally. It has delimitd its role and has locomote from a public sector organization into a mod commercial blaspheme. The margins work ar available to individuals, incarnate entities and organization.While it continues to act as regent of public funds and as the agent to the State wedge of Pakistan (in come to the fores where SBP does non scoop hold of as a presence) it has diversified its handicraft portfolio and is right away a study lead player in the debt equity market, corporate enthronization buzzwording, retail and consumer lingoing, agricultural financing, treasury aids and is showing emergence enliven in promoting and ontogeny the soils venial and medium enterprises and at the same time ful gluting its amicable responsibilities, as corporate citizen. In nowadayss agonistical business surround, NBP implyed to redefine its role and shed the pub lic sector cashbox image, for a modern commercial slang. It is now listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange. National Bank of Pakistan is today a progressive, efficient, and guest digestsinged institution. It has unquestionable a immense go astray of consumer products, to enhance business and cater to the different segments of society. Some systems throw away been specifically de scratched for the low to middle income segments of the population.These take on NBP Karobar, NBP Advance Salary, NBP Saiban, NBP Kisan Dost, NBP coin n Gold. A number of initiatives start let on been fall uponn, in terms of institutional restructuring, changes in the field structure, in policies and procedures, in indispensable control systems with special emphasis on corporate g overnance, adoption of Capital Adequacy Standards under Basel II framework, in the up gradation of the IT infrastructure and developing the benignant resources.National Bank of Pakistan has built an extensive secern lucre with 1250 branches in Pakistan and operates in study business centre abroad. National Bank has earned recognition and numerous allows internationally. It has been the recipient of The Bank of the Year 2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005 destine by The Banker Magazine, the Best inappropriate Exchange Bank Pakistan for 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, Global Finance, Best Emerging Market Bank from Pakistan for the year 2005, Global Finance, Kissan Time Awards 2005 for NBPs services in the agriculture field.It is listed amongst the Regions largest banks and also amongst the largest banks in S extincth Asia 2005, The Asian Banker. It has also been pre displaceed a Recognition Award 2004 for having a G overthrower Sensitive attention by WEBCOP AASHA besides some some other awards. Year 2007 has and been a nonher(prenominal) bring outstanding year with the bank go in the in risque spiritsest profit in its history. NBPs wide enjoin of product offerings, large branch network and c ommitted workforce atomic number 18 some of our original strengths that enabled NBP to achieve exceptional results in a very competitive market. visual moxie AND MISSIONTo be recognized as a leader and a notice synonymous with trust, highest standards of service graphic symbol, international dress hat(p) practices and social responsibility. NBP allow aim to the come ins that exact NBP truly the Nations Bank by Institutionalizing a merit and procedure culture Creating a distinctive put up identity by providing the highest standards of services Adopting the best international focusing practices increase stakeholders value Discharging our responsibility as a uncorrupted corporate citizen of Pakistan and in countries where we operate. MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC VALUES As told by Dr. Mirza Abrar Baig, Senior executive Vice President conference old-timer, HR Administration) The caution group as a whole, and severally member of it, has clearly de officeate respo nsibilities and the necessary government agency to manage the insurer in a manner consistent with the strategical direction ap proved by the supervisory board. All members of the heed aggroup ar need to perform their duties with overdue c be and diligence, and for the intention of verifying the insurers capacity to lose its obligations to all counterparties and constituencies at all times.Members atomic number 18 free of material conflicts of interest that could unduly influence their judgment. Where wariness is constitute as a way board, no non-executives should be part of the management board. The NBP team found that the management teams of the insurance companies argon professional, with clearly defined responsibilities and adequate authorities to fulfill their duties. Boards of directors (i. e. the management boards) consisted only of executives. way accept sufficient scientific disciplines and experience in proportion to insurance, finance and other discipline s germane(predicate) to the management of an insurer.All members of the management team guide irritate to sufficient resources and receive sufficient planning to assist them in the slaying of their roles. The management of the major(ip) NBP bank appears to be highly professional and demonstrates sufficient skills to fulfill their duties. The NBP team did not re legal opinion the management of the small locally- take ined banks that be not members of the banking association. NBP is unceasingly transforming its image and customer perception as a modern bank finished branch renovation and relocation to to a greater extent convenient and salutary-disposed sites.The team at operations assort commits itself to change the face of the Bank by way of improving its physical outlook, effective implementation of its systems controls and the look of service wind to its customers. Improving operational efficiency is force backting more focus given the challenges be faced by the i ndustry. With opening of customer facilitation centers for the show of utility bills and making payments to pensioners, the bank put ups to reduce its counter traffic at branches in that adoreby focusing more on its customers business ask.Customer c be is a key argona of the bank and various knowledge syllabuss stand been conducted for enforceees to advance customer handling and interaction. Special As implants Management sort out is primarily responsible for monitoring and preentlement of non performing loans (NPLs) portfolio. With NPL coverage of more than 76% we believe that non performing loans nominate contri besidese substantially in the banks profit might through recoveries and settlements. Rising non-performing loans has been an industry wide phenomenon and due to adverse economic factors, NPLs increase by 26% or Rs. 4. 5 billion. We believe that just about of the NPLs argon the result of business vibration / circumstantial defaults and with the economy pi cking up and reduction in interest rates the quantum of non-performing loans is expected to decline. We atomic number 18 documentationing our staunch focus on recovery and reduction in non performing loans is the area of enceinteest attention. The bank truly values its staff and the vital role they play in successful organizations. The bank gives special attention to attracting, developing and retaining good quality human resource.Our parvenue hiring of top class MBAs as Management Trainees businessrs (MTOs) and search for giving within the Bank admit helped in preparing arcsecond and tercet tier leadership lines. Female Empowerment was open uped to empower effeminate psyche employees and tint communities by championing the cause of womens empowerment in the society. Today, NBP is determined in pursuing the policy of placing females on responsible and challenging position as Branch Managers, Branch Operations Managers and Customer Facilitation Officers. A number of fem ale MTOs prepare been selected, happy and built in beded as branch managers.Currently, 60 branches are being caputed by females. HR initiatives and strategy is amid at competitive employee compensation, bringing up need assessment and succession planning. NBP is mental strain to expire an employer of choice through improved HR policies and competitive remuneration. NBP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Organization Structure of the National Bank of Pakistan Main Offices Main Offices of the National Bank of Pakistan are of three events * question Office * regional Offices * Branch Office Head Office Head office of the National Bank of Pakistan is located in Karachi.Head office controls and monitors all the activities of the bank. The President of the National Bank of Pakistan seats the flip office. A secretariat is established to assist the chair in the head office. The head office is divided into twelve subdivisions. A theme nous controls a Group. President All Groups/Departme nts are headed by Group/Department Chiefs. President is the head of all Group Chiefs. All strategic matters are discussed and approved by the president and Group Chiefs. In Head Office following are the Group/Department Chiefs * Operations Group Chief * Corporate Invest.Group Chief * Special Assets Remedial Mgt. Group Chief * Strategic Planning Economic Research Group Chief * Treasury Mgt Group Chief * luck Mgt. Group Chief * Commercial Retail Banking Group Chief * Audit Inspection Group Chief * I. T. Planning Dept. implementation Group Chief * HRM Dept. Chief * Org. reading Training Dept Chief * Over-seas Operations Chief NBP HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT To bring home the bacon more happy human resource in relation to competition in all NBP functional areas, creating a motivating environment and maintain industrial unanimity.As evidenced from the Mission Statement, key element of streng so(prenominal)ing the HR humble of the bank holds the following * Provision of talen ted human resource * Employee want * Industrial harmony Additionally, all the HR initiative utilise at NBP is in line with the above object lenss. VALUES They believe that * People wanton away the organization * People collectively yield results * People have ambitions and aspirations to be distinguished and rewarded * People form the human capital to be developed and invested in.LEADING POLICIES OF NBP Basically modifying policies are governed by SBP lending policies however, NBP has some discount house powers in respect of lending policies. The advances make by the NBP have increased so much and are involved in creating a great amount of return for the bank. determines and the Advances are the two central functions of any bank. NBP takes bewilders from the customers and lend them to the others for earning a profit. The release between the deposit rate and the lending rate volition be the benefit of the bank.Civil line branch of NBP is playing the roughly important rol e in this category because it has a separate department to deal with the massess those who want to have money. Civil line branch is dealings with the corporate sector as well. Working Capital and Short term Loans NBP specializes in providing Project Finance Export Refinance to exporters Pre-shipment and jeopardize-shipment financing to exporters trial finance Cash Finance Small Finance Discounting Bills Purchased Export Bills Purchased / Pre-shipment / Post Shipment Agricultural Production Loans Medium term loans and Capital terms FinancingNBP provides financing for its clients capital expenditure and other long-term investment ask. By sharing the risk associated with such long-term investments, NBP expedites clients attempt to produce and expand their operation thereby making possible the fulfillment of our clients vision. This type of long term financing proves the banks belief in its clients capabilities, and its commitment to the estate. Loan Structuring and Syndication National Banks leadership in loan syndicating stems from ability to forge strong relationships not only with borrowers save also with bank investors.Because we understand our syndicate partners asset criteria, we help borrowers meet substantial financing needs by enabling them to reach the banks most arouse in lending to their particular industry, geographic location and structure through syndicated debt offerings. Our syndication capabilities are complemented by our own capital strength and by industry teams, who bring specialized knowledge to the structure of a transaction. Cash Management ServicesWith National Banks Cash Management Services (in military operation of being set up), the customers sales collection will be channeled through vast network of NBP fork-like spread across the country. This will enable the customer to manage their troupes total pecuniary position right from your desktop computer. They will also be able to take advantage of our outstandin g range of payment, ejection, liquidity and investment services. In fact, with NBP, youll be provided boththing, which takes to manage your cash menstruation more accurately. Generally Leading Policies Include * Clean Credit Report. * accord with maximum exposure by the bank. Compliance with maximum exposure that can be allowed to a single party. * Funded = 4 times of equity of the firm. * Non-Funded = 10 times of equity of the firm. SWOT ANALYSIS A SWOT psychoanalysis is an effective similarlyl, which can be used to examine the issue that will directly affect the success of alternative delivery mechanism. The emerging banking environment is be approaching more competitive with the advancement of new technology. The banks are striving to provide their customers with prominent and efficient services at lower cost in order to get the competitive advantage upon other banks.During the internship program a SWOT analysis was also conducted which is as follow Strengths * Deposit secur ity that is guaranteed by Government of Pakistan. * Largest donation toward Government & semi-Government requirements. * broker to the SBP for handling Treasury/ Currency Chest Functions. * Collaboration with Federal/ tyke Government organizations for receipts of taxes & other revenues. * Largest network of domestic & overseas branches. * More secured jobs of employees as compared to other commercial banks (Job Security). Sale & Purchase of prize bonds, NIT units, National Defense Saving Certificates (NDSCs) and other government securities. * Heavy project financing, Agriculture, Industrial as well as small loans. * Key role in countrys economic development. * well-off and shortened documented procedure. * Guidance and help of experienced quite a little. Weaknesses * Under employment of the new technology equipment & procedures of banking. * More formal organizational setup. * bureaucratic style prevails in the National Bank of Pakistan. Lack of highly skilled, trained and professional individualnel department. * Fixed deposit rates not compatible with the competitors. * immaterial currency accounts governing rules more restricted & not customer oriented. * Bank staff not highly cooperative among themselves as well as with the customers. * Overall employees poor attitude towards work. Opportunities * The ability to obtain a larger customer set up. * Global expansion. This is an enormous market, which will be a great opportunity in the future. * The ability to take advantage of the growing popularity of internet banking. Providing Information Technology loans to the students and educational institutions in order to rear the Computer and Management studies. * Providing the in-personized services to the customers. * Offering high deposit rates and cutting down the high lending rates. * Financing the educational institutions and general public welfare projects in order to create a good image in general public. Threats * Continual chan ging technology. * s kepticism of the banking industry. * Competition from lower price operations. * Possible failure of product due to non-acceptance of customer. General competitiveness of the banking industry. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS In addition to all the conjectural evidences we found which entangles many conversations with people involved at NBP as listed in our findings, we luckily got the opportunity to meet the two fourth-year executives in the HR department who gave accurate answers to our several questions. The HR function that we were most interested to find approximately was RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION but we also met with the personnel division head and found out about how HR at NBP handles grievances and compensates its employees.Being students of business administration and on our way to graduation getting into the most eligible organizations persists top priority and of courseNational Bank of Pakistan remains top of the list. Obviously getting the group headland of HR, Dr. Mirza Abrar Baig, to scold to us still remains a big deal so we remained short of meeting him instead we got an reference with Mohib-ur-Rehman Khan who is the manager-employee intercourse of man resource management and administration group and, we might add, sits right ext to the Group chief who also told us as mentioned earlier what the group chief had to say regarding our query. Here are mentioned some of the questions we asked and his answers. Q Sir, please discern us what type of hiring takes place at NBP? A Certainly. NBP hires in two different ways. One is Contr genuine hiring and the other is hiring of the main management trainees. Contractual hiring is when we employ someone for three years and then when the contract is about to end we reconsider and sign a new contract. Main management trainees arrest 50% of the attraction for our jackpot of candidates.These are the employees to receive proper management training for high posts. Q Your external and i nternal sources for recruiting? A Currently we put one acrosst consider rehiring but we do focus on employee referrals and if the person who is retiring is valuable to us and no equal has been found out yet to take that place then we ofttimes stop the retireeother than this, as I said earlier, reemployment on contract does take place of that person is hired on contract initially. If and when internal candidates are recruited they are applied to the position of MTOs for future top posts.External sources include media publicize but not through internet. We advertise in the National and occasional newspaper one time or twice. But we do college recruiting and have been through so quite successfully in the bypast. Q So what is the actual enlisting and selection process? A It is very simple but often tedious and costly. We publish our criteria in the newspaper. Through various sources of which are mentioned above, applicants fill out application forms and submit it to us. Once the a pplications are accepted there are written tests which are held by IBP (Institute of Bankers Pakistan).These written tests are both a mix of personality, aptitude and skill tests establish on the persons analytical and communication skills. These are based on the GMAT/GRE format. aft(prenominal) the applicants are selected through these tests they are passed through group discussions and panel interviews. These interviews are structured and judged on equal stem. For both types of hiring, front interview consists of a panel of 3 IBP and 1 NBP member and then for the second interview a panel of 2 IBP and 2 NBP members sits. Q What is NBPs educational cadence for hiring?A NBP requires an MBA degree (Masters in Business Administration) with a minimum 3. 0 CGPA. Q What do you look for when recruiting personnel? A We like to hire applicants who are team players with exquisite interpersonal skills, have knowledge and use of information technology, have strong analytical and problem s olving skills and have excellent written and verbal communication skills in English. So when they tell you in graduation school to emphasize on English, they are not wrong. Q What happens aft(prenominal) selection? A After selection on-the-job training starts.These include simulations and video simulated training. They have 27 weeks training with IBP, then 27 weeks training with NBP staff colleagues, then 54 weeks training on job and then they are on their own aboard. All the plot during training they are paid their salary. After this they are designated to posts in small cities and sent there for a period of three years and then if a proper estimate comes in welcomed to work at the head-office. Once they get out of training groups of executives and officers are decided according to their skills and achievement of objectives.Thus NBP follows qualification based job analysis. Q What about EEO laws? A We follow all rules. come to employment opportunity is not violated by NBP. We have set the hiring quota for the disabled up to 2%. Recently we hired a machination lady in the telecommunication department. We do hire blind, deaf or applicants who are ill due to polio. Q What can you tell us about negligent hiring? What does the bank do if it comes across a person who has had, lets say, a bad record? A As I said, NBP follows all the rules.As the recruitment and selection is both costly and time go through we dont want negligent hiring on our hands. Thus we make sure proper guidelines are followed. All the background prevents regarding certificates and other educational documents and reference calls are handled by the IBP. Once the salary pay check comes in, first rounds are make and patrol report is beged from the police department while on the other hand the person for whom cheque is being performed is notified of it all. After the police verification report comes in then only the salary is paid.If there is someone who is identified with a felonious bac kground or false referrals he is told so and asked to withdraw. His information is kept secret (need for privacy). Targeted firing has not been started yet or else the employees go to court. Q How is assessment linked with recruitment? A When estimation comes in, promotions happen. Seats are vacated and we get the number to employ. This was all we discussed here from Mr. Mohib. While wandering about and schooling the HR mission statement and vision we tried to look on into other departments but with little success.At around late after lunch we got some little time blessed upon us and ultimately met the AVP/Head of Personnel Administration, Mr. S. Hasan Akber Zaidi, of the Personnel and Industrial Relations Division. We grabbed the opportunity to ask some questions about how the HR at NBP handles the various grievances that come in. Q Sir, please tell us what actually does the personnel department do? A We fundamentally look into promotions, leave and absences, whether any casua lty occurs and also keep record that all due liabilities of the employees are cleared. Q Promotions would mean that you also look into appraisal reports (ACRs)?A We basically have a policy department that makes all the policies for promoting and appraisals and also a separate department who handles appraisals but, yes, we do look into appraisals to know whose being promoted to what extent and how much an increase in salary takes place and how the others would be affected by it. In 1984, when I got hired there was no such thing as a union but now there is and so we keep check as to whether no biasness occurs. Q Tell us something about the Industrial Relation Department? A They are the people concerned with the laws of the union.They make sure that no mishap occurs and in the moorage of employees going to court they keep check that all lawful procedures are followed in. Q what about the compensation procedures? A compensations are handled by the compensation committee. on that point is no concept of overtime here. We tend to provide a whole lot of facilities according to the posts the employees have and that can include medical, logistics other membership facilities. We also provide loans on land and property as well as other technological things but keep a proper balance of these liabilities.Q What happens if an employee fails for some reason in stipendiary his liabilities or disappears? A All employees have accounts. In situations like these, or when a snake oil occurs, we seize and freeze the accounts of those employees. The matter comes into our hand then and until and unless the reasons will be cleared we dont let any kind of transaction occur. Q What happens when you catch some one doing a sham or someone disappears? What if they do not notify you of the absences? A There is no concept of rehiring. We decide at the time we catch the fraud what to do with the person and he is notified of our intentions.Most of the time frauds are not grantd because N BP has a lot on its hands to protect itself from. But there are exceptional cases where we have had some dilemmas and looking into the matter deep has often resulted in a dampen solution. For example there was a case at Gujranwala where decision making was not easy. An employee of ours didnt notify us that he was going to take leave, didnt approve it and stopped coming to work. He was arrested by the police and the bank faced the problem as to let him back or not. The unauthorized absence and an FIR was a dangerous match. But the personnel department looked into it.Since the police arrest was made on the basis of a family quarrel and had nothing to do with any criminal offence, the bank allowed him back on the job. Such decisions require our prevision and logical reasoning. A pass on sometimes, retaining an employee is difficult and his grievances have to be handled in a different way and at other times a well-off handshake has to be offered in order to let other people take some one elses place. Q What about promotions? A There is a continuous planning going on. bent we all looking for the same things? A raise in salarya better position. Its a mad race that we are running.Constantly we keep an eye on whose going to replace whom and with how much. Sometimes its just not the work that lets you through. Its the connections as well but then these things happen. The important part is that you have to keep an eye open and know everyone. If your colleagues like youthen you are the head of the list. Q How efficiently does HR keep all these records? A We have been upgrading and are still in the process of doing so. Everything will become computerized. In all total three hubs will be performed. Q Are any HR events held? A Yes a lot of them actuallyWe have conferences and female empowerment workshops.Also many dialogue sessions and quiz programs. With many convey to the two executives who gave us much to think about we left their departments and headed towards the r efreshments. OUR FINDINGS The bank has taken a number of HR initiatives to develop its workforce. Today banks have to survive in a highly competitive environment, where the demand for banking services is highly diversified and growing and changing rapidly. To meet the competitive challenges, NBP matte that it had to enhance the knowledge and skill direct of its employees so as to puddle a sustainable edge over other banks.Importance is being located on upgrading the quality of human resource for higher and better implementation and to meet the demand of growing competition. Not only are the employees being provided with the job related training to develop a talented human resource base at the bank, but certified management trainees have been commited, professionals have been hired to fill the skill quip, a talent pool has been created by identifying talented employees from within the bank throughout the country and placing them in important positions in all functional areas o f the bank.All this was done with one purpose to develop a talented human resource base at the bank. In addition, the bank has gone a step further and has made concerted efforts to reduce the gender gap. The live four to five years, a change has been witnessed in the employment pattern, where more women have been employed at more responsible managerial positions, like those of female branch managers and female operation managers. While recruiting and selecting Management Trainee Officers, the bank management ensures that young and qualified females are offered equal employment opportunity. * TALENT MANAGEMENTThe highest emphasis was laid on talent management as it is now globally recognized that talent is the critical driver of corporate surgical procedure and that an organizations ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain talent results in a major competitive advantage. Organizations that do better job for attracting, developing, motivating and retaining their talent wag e hike their performance dramatically. * MANAGEMENT TRAINEE shunning Recruitment in the permanent cadre of the bank was kept in abeyance since 1995 and there was induction in the bank for nearly a decade in this category.To fill the skill gap the bank management obtained special permission from GOP for restricted recruitment in the permanent cadre on an annual basis till 2010. slightly 700 management trainees have been inducted till end 2007 from the start in year 2003. After a vigorous scho expiryic and on job training the management trainee officers were placed at responsible in high value branches all over the country. Their contributions in furtherance of culture change, infusion of coetaneous work practices and overall growth in banks performance is noteworthy.The Management Trainee Officers have been placed in the fields of General Banking, HR, Compliance, take a chance Management, Treasury, IT and Audit. The Management Trainee Scheme of the bank has and so, proved highly successful and is being emulated by other financial institutions in the country. * TALENT POOL SCHEME There was realization by the banks management that there are many existing employees within the bank who had the necessary qualification, experience, skill and talent but due to one reason or the other their career growth had become stunted.Such employees were dispersed throughout the country and were required to be identified for proper placement. In line with the global corporate strategy of leading Fortune 500 Companies that the best people should be placed in responsible and key positions, the implementation of the NBP genius crime syndicate Scheme has proved to be pioneering efforts in this direction in the Pakistan banking industry. Consequently, the first place over 200 employees were identified on merit through written test and interview and interview for selection in the NBP Talent Pool Scheme and posted in positions of higher responsibility.The implementation of the sec ond phrase is in process and it is envisaged that other batch of about ccc existing bank employees will be available under the scheme for placement in high value branches of the bank. * FEMALE BRANCH MANAGERS The demographics of Pakistan are slightly skewed reflecting a higher female population which to a great extent is underutilized and their contribution to the economic sectors of the country in thus less than optimum level.Currently there is very high scope of including this female population in economic activities as many of them are academically qualified to take up challenging job opportunities. In line with the Governments policy and vision of the banks President, NBP implemented a plan to empower the existing female employees of the bank and post them as managers in 10% of the banks branches. Around 30 female branch managers were selected from the existing female workforce of the bank while 30 others were recruited for external source.These 60 female managers have been post ed at branches after intensive training and initial performance results indicate that they have shown remarkable performance. NBP employees excelling in banking examination of the Institution of Bankers, Pakistan About four years ago the performance of NBP employees in banking examinations was quite dismal and it was the lowest in the banking sector. On account of the creation if an enabling environment with the managements encouragement and support for such academic pursuits besides various incentives, NBP employees today obtain the No. position in the country when compared to any other financial institution in terms of maximum number of NBP employees overtaking in such examination. * AGRICULTURE FIELD OFFICERS The agricultural sector of Pakistan contributes the highest to the gross domestic product of the country. National bank of Pakistan enjoys the greatest strength in term of branch network which is concentrated in the rural areas of the country. The bank was therefore adequat ely poised to provide a full range of specialized financial services at the doorstep of the farmer.In line with the government policy to boost the agricultural sector with its large untapped potential for growth, NBP the initiative of the of developing adequate HR base in the agriculture dominated regions of the country consequently, hundred agriculture officers were appointed having necessary agriculture based qualifications to guide, assist and provide financial access to the farmer for enhancing their agricultural produce. * CASH OFFICERS parry service to the costumers has been given top priority by the bank in order to improve the promptness in delivery of basic banking service.To improve customer services, 300 cash officers have been posted through internal sources by promoting staff of clerical cadre. This also provided for employee empowerment and motivation in the past promotions in clerical cadre took over 10 years. Upon load-bearing(a) results of such initiative, we ha ve, once again internally advertised the position to induct another batch of cash officers which is going to be finalized shortly. * HIRING OF PROFESSIONALS Counter service to the costumers has been given top priority by the bank in order to improve the promptness in delivery of basic banking service.To improve customer services, 300 cash officers have been posted through internal sources by promoting staff of clerical cadre. This also provided for employee empowerment and motivation in the past promotions in clerical cadre took over 10 years. Upon encouraging results of such initiative, they have, once again internally advertised the position to induct another batch of cash officers which is going to be finalized shortly. * EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Human motives are based on conscious and subconscious need modify in individualistic, hierarchical order.Generally, motivation includes the entire class of drives, desire, needs and wishes, all of which are different for different individual s and further differ in their importance at various times for the same individual. Managing employee motivation is always an extremely thickening task. To continuously enhance the level of performance of the employees and attain the optimum level for ensuring the growth of the organization, it is the primary responsibility of all HR practitioners to continuously maintain employee satisfaction and high motivation levels.NBP utilized all HRM tools for enhancing employees motivation thereby, change to the banks record growth. Promotion and Career Progression During the last five years, 98% of the bank have been promoted at least once while, 45% of this total strength have received two promotions. This is a major step towards ensuring employee motivation and high morale. Promotions of employee who perform well are made strictly on merit basis and in the most transparent manner. Such promotions have been made a regular device characteristic so that high performing employees are reward ed and their efforts in the growth of the bank are recognized.Employee Compensation Pay Packages 2004, 2006 and 2008 were negotiated and implemented to the complete satisfaction of the employees and n the best interest of the bank. This was a major accomplishment in view of the highly charged intra-union and inter-union rivalries compounded by the transaction of HR responsibilities. During last five years increase in pay was a 100% for almost all NBP employees. The ensure compensation levels of bank employees in relation to the market, salary surveys have been conducted and salary adjustments are being made wheresoever required. THE BANKS INTERNAL CUSTOMER In order to provide maximum satisfaction to internal customers, which is vital for motivation and innovation each employee of HR has been given specific responsibility with the agreed upon standard time for each activity. The performance of the individual in then continuously monitored for the actual time taken for each activity a gainst the set standard, to measure the HR performance. This quantification and measurement of each HR activity has resulted in substantial utility in internal efficiency thereby, contributing to employee satisfaction and motivation. ACHIEVEMENT AND postal service AWARDS A merit based culture has been established in the bank through implementation of achievement and spot awards for individual employees showing symbolical performance during the year or in an assigned task. The achievement award policy of the bank is a transparent system for rewarding high performing employees through achievement awards to 10% of the total employee strength every year. The policy of spot award is basically for recognizing individual employees their one-off excellent performance.Performance appraisal system has been revised to replace the traditional subjective ACR to provide more objectively in evaluation and recognizing merit. This system has been implemented with effect from January 2007 for all executives and contractual employees. Further PAS will also be applicable to over 9000 regular officers w. e. f. 01. 01. 2009. Based on the evaluation of individual employees as per their performance appraisal, a system of pay for performance is being implemented to right compensate relatively high performing employees thereby, strengthening the merit based culture. * EMPLOYEE COMMUNICATIONCommunication channels within an organization play a very important role in involving the employees participation in the implementation of policies. Through occasion in the implementation process, employees feel motivated to perform and establish their contribution in the overall growth of the organization. The 1st phase of ECP has been completed by 20 regions and about 8000 employees are already covered under the program. With a view to establish top-down and bottom-up communication, dialogue sessions with field functionaries of high value branches with the President have been held and construc tive suggestion incorporated.Further to make the employee communication more effective regular bi-monthly publication of NBP Newsline and monthly publication of the Management Brief have also been introduced. * LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT After the reorganization of the banks field structure and decentralization of power, Regional Management Teams (RMT) were formed at all 29 Regional Offices. These leadership positions were filled through a systematic selection of RMT Member on merit, in the most transparent manner and after qualifying through a rigorous selection process involving written tests, group discussions and interviews.The empowerment of Regional Management Teams and managers of branches through enhanced discretionary powers for prompts decision making and guess of higher responsibilities has motivated them to ensure high performance levels. Further, the bank intends to launch a NBP Management & Leadership Development Scheme for internal skilled and qualified employees of the bank for placement in middle and higher management level position in the future. * INDUSTRIAL HARMONYThe implementation of all HR policies depends to a great extent, on continuously maintaining industrial harmony within the organization. This has to be ensured through developing a mutual respect between the management and employee representatives. Mutual respect between the management and the CBAs as well as Officers representatives at NBP has been strengthened through trust building measure. These trust building measures included maintaining a continuous dialogue process with CBAs and Officers representatives.Industrial Relations Conferences were held to build better understanding of IROs and management policies, to ensure a ongoing harmonious environment. Industrial Relations Conferences are planned at Karachi & Islamabad for 2008. Additionally, the Employees Communication Program involving meeting at regional offices for staff are planned to create better awareness of mana gement policies and the banks tradition of employee care. WHY WORK AT NBP? * NBP maintains its position as Pakistans Premier Bank with a huge network abroad as well. The Bank currently has an employee has of over 15,000 employees worldwide. The various departments include Consumer Banking Corporate Finance Investment Banking Agricultural Banking Transactional Banking Operations Software Development and Automation Financial Control Treasury Internal Audit Risk Management & Credit Economic & Business research Training & Development Strategic Planning Human Resources * NBP has started several new programs to train its employees further to be prepared for the dynamic saying of their job and to meet the challenges ahead. Besides a competitive financial package, NBP offers excellent working conditions, job satisfaction, superior leadership, and a conducive environment for growth. termination It seemed impressive with the new HR department at NBP a major public se ctor bank, decked out in wood and glass, with people in and out trying to devise plans of how to boost up the morale of each and every working person there and how to recruit the best ones out of a whole lot. The steps taken for the strengthening of the HR base in NBP have been instrumental in achieving record performance. This has been empirically proved through KPIs received from the field.Nevertheless, to remain competitive they cannot be complacent and should adequately prepare their human resource for meeting the challenge of competition in the future. A goal setting meeting was held in December 3 and 4, 2007 and a complete road map has been prepared for the year 2008. The goals and objective for the year 2008 were firmed up with a view to identifying the right kind of people socializing them in the right direction, training them assigning tasks and roles that bring out their best, motivating them to put extra effort and creating conditions whereby the employees have a sense of fulfillment.This highly motivated effort will serve to retain NBPs positions as the Employer of Choice. In recent times ,under the leadership of president Syed Ali Raza ,the banking has become conscious in promoting empowerment of women within the organization which not only requires a significant change in attitude but also immense modification in working culture. In view of this realization, national bank has accepted the abilities of women as component workers, and has started making the most of these potentials by assigning them managerial responsibilities.Currently, 63 branches are being headed by the females. The management under its female empowerment programme is committed to have 10 percent of NBP branches to be headed by the females. The management also considered the request for transfer of married and unmarried female employees to their desired place of handbill which is close to their parents and spouse. The bank management envisaged that a strong human resource injec tion is essential for the success on a sustained basis .The management trainees scheme was introduced management for attracting talent from all over the country having professional qualification particularly in the field of business management and commerce having proficiency in computer operation. The first batch of management trainees joined NBP in July 2003 to translate the idea. Up till now a total of eight batches have been inducted and of them have been posted to region and groups. In view of all these improvements that have been done we still remain contentious on the subject of getting employment in NBP.It is true that all gender biasness has been removed and extensive training has been organized keeping in view that talent needs to be recognized and appreciated. We also remain highly appreciative of the fact that since the development of the HR department and its focus on the issues of recruitment, selection, gender biasness, appraisals, compensation, EEO compliance, grieva nces and training, the fact that we would not have been able to gain so much cooperation of the people we interviewed at the bank without our own personal source speaks for itself for the kind of resources that still work in the public sectors.HR needs to finish it or maybe it is on its way. We may gather from the selective information we received that many positive changes have come and are yet to come but are not negligent of the fact how and where what kind of biasness and sincerity is at work. While sitting in any organization you learn to come out of the theoretical meaning of appraisals and learn in real terms. We all saw the positive changes and the zealous way in which the department was at work in NBP and know that strategically its trying to achieve the better part of the system, competing against the system in its own way.For the bank itself, the need of HR is being fulfilled which keeps its employees more concentrate and well looked after. Here are some tips for being better employees than others that during our case study we have gathered Educate yourself galore(postnominal) people promoted to new, senior position think that they can learn on the job, without any need for education in the new tasks. Yet, if you wanted to indulge in a new hobby, for example if you want to learn how to play a guitar, you would expect to take classes.The same tenet applies to taking up a new position or moving to new company. Your natural ability needs reinforcement by learning both general and specifics ways, how to do the work. Many companies fail to insist on this reinforcement. If the employer will not provide the learning, take steps to get it yourself. Master computers However you obtain access to cypher power, it is an indispensable extension of your own brain and capabilities. You must quickly master key a word processing programme, email and a spreadsheet.Productivity aids like desk diaries and personal databases. Computer in many organizations now pr ovide access to company files, colleges, message, customer, suppliers, collaborative, working and the internet. Strive for excellence The pursuit of the highest possible standards automatically points you towards achieving excellence. It you have achieve perfection in any activity, you must be the best, which is the proper objective in any context. In practice, aiming to improve skills nub performing significantly better than your present standards, which are always imperfect.Remember that refusal to tolerate imperfection is a powerful force for success. Raise your standards However good you are at something, you can always improve. Similarly, however high the standards you have set for yourself and others, they can always higher. Apply to the total quality principle of continuous improvement to everything that you do. In a new position you may feel daunted by new demands and doubt your ability to acquire the tasks successfully. However, after the few weeks in the new role you wi ll be performing well without difficulty.People tend to underestimate their power, which achieves the opposite of maximizing potential. It is better to overshoot and miss than never to try for the best of which you are capable. lead a language Mastering other language makes a difference in negotiations and business relationships. It is also a valuable exercise for the mind. Cassettes and videos are effective learning tools but the best learning is interactive. You can sign up for the classes or use interactive media. Then take every chance to improve your skill.It will impress everybody, including your foreign business contacts. assign your knowledge Make sure that any courses you plan to attend are relevant to your work. Then do all you can to apply what you have learnt. Do not be deterred by less enlightened colleagues who may pour scorn on what you have been taught. You can only trace whether those lessons have real value by putting them into practice in your day-to-day work. Pass on your new knowledge to colleagues, and make them your allies. Be the bestJust like runners, managers and organizations needs opponents, or at least pace-setters, to produce their best performance. The process known as benchmarking measure comparable performance to set targets that they seek to exceed. The defect in this approach is that the benchmarks may themselves be too low. You want to be the best at what you do. That means looking at the performance of the others to see not just what they do well. Being the best means setting new ways, this drive for reform can be very demanding, but also highly rewarding.