Rizal free essay sample

Whenever people of a country truly love The language which by heaven they were taught to use That country also surely liberty pursue As does, the bird which soars to freer space above. For language is the final judge and referee Upon the people in the land where it holds sway; In the truth our human race resembles in this way The other living beings born in liberty. Whenever knows not how to love his native tongue Is worse than any beast or evil swelling fish. To make our language richer ought to be our wish The same as any mother loves to feed her young. Tagalog and the Latin language are the sameAnd English and Castilian and the angel’s tongue; And God, whose watchful in the speech we claim. Our mother tongue, like all the highest that we know Had alphabet and letter of its very own; But these were lost-by furious waves were overthrown Like bancas in the stormy sea, long years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page MY FIRST INSPIRATION Why do the scented flowers In fragrant fray Rizal each other’s flowers This festive day? Why is sweet melody bruited In the sylvan dale, Harmony sweet and fluted Like the nightingale? Why do the birds sing so In the gender grass, Flitting from bough to bough With the winds that pass? And why does the crystal springRun among the flowers While lullaby zephyrs sing Like its crystal showers? I see the dawn in the east With beauty endowed. Why goes she to a feast In a carmine cloud? Sweet mother, they celebrate You natal day The rose with her scent innate, The bird with his lay MY LAST FAREWELL (Mi Ultimo Adios) Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime the sun caress’d, Peal of the orient seas, our Eden lost! Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life’s best, And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest, Still would I give three, nor count the cost. On the field of battle,’mid the frenzy of fight, Others have given theirs lives, without doubt or breed;The place not matters-cypress or laurel or lily white, Scaffold or open-plain, combat or martyrdom’s plight, It’s ever the same, to serve our home and country’s need. I die just when I see the dawn break Though the gloom of night, to herald the day; And if color is lacking my blood shalt take, Pour’d out at need for they dear sake, To dye with its crimson the walking ray. My dreams, when life first opened to me, My dreams when the hopes of youth beat high, Were to see thy lov’d face, O gem of the Orient sea, From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free; No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eyes.Dream of my life, my living and burning desire, All hail! Cris the soul that is now to tale fight; All hail! And sweet it is for thee to expire; To die for thy sake, that thou may’st aspires; And sleep in thy blossom eternity’s lo ng night. If over my grave some day thou sees grow, In the grassy sod, a humble flower, Draw to thy lips and kiss my soul so, While I feel on my brow in the cold tomb below The tough of thy tenderness, thy breath’s warm power. Let the moon beam over me soft and serene, Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes, Let the wind sad lament over me keen; And if on my cross a bird should be seen,Let it thrill there is hymn of peace to my aches. Let the sun draw vapors up to the sky, And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest; Let some kind soul o’er my untimely fate sigh, And in the still evening a pray be lifted on high, From there, O my country, that in God I may rest. Pray for all those that hapless have died, For all who have suffered the unmeasr’d pain; For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried; For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried; And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain. And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around, With only the dead in their vigil to see;Break not my repose or thy mystery profound, And perchance thou mayst bear a sad hymn resound; Tis I, O my country, raising a song unto thee. When even my grace is remembered no more, Unmark’d by never a cross nor a stone; Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it o’er, That my ashes may carpet thy earthly floor, Before into nothingness at last they are blown. Then will oblivion bring me no care, As over thy Wales and plains I sweep; Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air, With color and light, with a song and lament I fare, Ever repeating the faith I keep. My Fatherlands ador’d that sadness to my sorrow l ends,Beloved Filipino, hear now my last goodbye! Fir I go where no slave before the oppressor bends, Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e’er on high! Farewell to you all, my soul torn away, Friends of my childhood in the home of dispossessed! Give thanks that I rest in the wearisome day! Farwell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my way; Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest! TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (Theme: â€Å"Grow, O Timid Flower†) Hold high the brow serene, O youth, where now you stand, Let the bright sheen Of your grace be seen, Fair hope of my fatherland! Come now, thou genius grand,And bring down the inspiration; With thy mighty hand, Swifter than eager mind to higher station. Come down with pleasing light OF art and sciences to the flight, O youth, and there untie The chains that heavy lie, Your spirit free to bright. See how in flaming zone Amid the shadows thrown The Spaniard’s holy land A crown’s resplendent band Proffers to this Indian land. Thou, who now would rise On wings of rich empires, Seek from Olympian skies Song of sweetest strain, Soften than ambrosial rain. Thou whose voice divine Rivals Philomel’s refrain, And with varied line Through the night benign Frees mortality from pain.Thou, who by short strife Wakest thy mind to life; And the memory bright Of thy genius light Makes immortal in its strength. And thou, in accents clear Of Phoebus, to Apollo’s dear; OR by the brush’s magic art Takest form nature’s store a part To fix on the simple canvas’ length. Go forth, and then sacred fire OF they genius to the laurel may aspire; To spread around the flame, And in variety acclaim, Through under spheres the human name. Day, O happy day, Fair Filipinas, for my land! So bless the Power today That places in thy way This favor and this fortune grand. THEY ASK ME FOR VERSES You bid now to strike the lyre,That mute and torn so long has lain; And yet I cannot wake the stain, Nor will the Muse one note inspire! Coldly, it shakes in accents dire, As if my soul itself tow ring, And when its sound seems but to fling A jest at its own low lament; So in said isolate pent, My soul can neither feel nor sing. There was a time-ah-it’s too true- But that time long ago has past- When upon me the Muse had cast Indulgent smile and friendship’s due; But of that age now all too few The thoughts that with me yet will stay; As from the hours of festive play There linger on mysterious notes, And in our minds the memory floats Of minstrelsy and music gay.A plant I am, that scarcely grown, Was torn out its Eastern bed, Where all round perfume is shed And life but as a dream is known; The land that I can call my own By me forgotten ne’er to be. Where thrilling birds their song taught me, And cascades with their ceaseless roar And all along the spreading shore The murmurs of the sounding sea. While yet in childhood’s happy day, I learn upon its sun y o smile, And in my breast there seems the while Seething volcanic fires to play, A bard I was, my wish always To call upon the fleeting wind, ‘’Go forth, and spread around its flame, From zone to zone worth glad a cclaim,And earth to heaven together bind! † But it left, and now no more- Like a tree that is broken and sure- My natal gods bring the echo clear, OF songs that in past times they bore; Wide seas I cross’d to foreign shore, With hope of change and other fate, My folly was made clear too late, For in the place of good I sought The seas reveal’s unto naught, But made death’s specre on me wait. All these fond fancies that were mine, All love, all feeling, all emprise, Were left, beneath the sunny skies; Which o’er that flowery region shine; So press no more the plea of mine, For song of love from out of heart That coldly lies tortur’d soul I hasteUnresting o’re the desert waste, And lifeless gone is all the art. TO THE FLOWERS OF HEIDELBERG Go to my native land, go, foreign flowers. Sown by the traveler on his way. And there, beneath its azure sky, Where all my affections lie; There from the weary pilgrim say, What faith is his in that land of ours! Go there and tell how when the dawn, Her early light diffusing. Your petals first flung open wide; His steps beside chill Necker drawn, You see him silent by your side. Upon its spring perennial musing. Saw how when mornings light, 3All your fragrance stealing, Whispers to you as in mirth, Playful songs of Love’s delight,He, too, murmurs his love’s feeling In the tongue he learned at birth. That when the sun of Keenigstuhl’s height Pours out its golden flood, And with its slowly warming light Gives light to vale and grove and wood, He greets that sun, here only uprising, Which in his native land is at its zenith blazing. All tell thereof that day he stood, Near to a ruin’d or shady wood, And pluck’d you from beside the way Tell, too, that tale to you addressed, And how with tender care, You bending leaves he press ’d Twist pages of some volume rare. Bear them, O flowers, love’s message bear; My love to all the lov’d ones there,Peace to my country-fruitful land – Faith whereon its son may stand, And virtue for its daughter’ care; All those beloved creatures greet, That still around home’s altar meet. And when you come unto its shore, This kiss I now on you bestow, Fling where the winged breezes blow; That borne on them it may hover o’er All that I love, esteem, and adore. But though, O flowers, you come unto that land, And still perchance, your colors hold; So far from this heroic strand, Still here you fragrance will expand: Your soul that never quits the earth Whose life smiled on you at your birth. \ THE SONG OF MARIA CLARASweet are the hours in one native land, Where all is dear the sunbeams bless; Life-giving breezes sweep the strand, And death is softened by love’s cares. Warm kisses play on mother’s lips, On her fond, tender breast awakening; When around her neck the soft am slips, And bright eyes smile, all love partaking. Sweet is death for one’s native land, Where all is der the sun beams bless; Death is the breeze that sweeps the strand, Without a mother, home, or love’s caress THE SONG OF THE TRAVELLER Like to a leaf that is fallen and withered, Tossed by the tempest from pole unto pole; Thus roams the pilgrim abroad without purpose,Roams without love, without country or soil. Following anxiously treacherous fortune; Fortune which ne’er as he grasp as it flees, Vain though the hopes that his yearning is seeking Yet does the pilgrim embark on the seas. Ever impelled by the invisible power, Destined to roam from the East and West; Of the remembers the faces of love ones, Dreams of the day when he, too, was at rest. Chance may assign him tomb of the desert, Grant him a final asylum of peace; Soon by the world and his country forgotten, God rest his soul when his wanderings cease! Often the sorrowing pilgrim is envied, Circling the globe like a seagull above;Little, ah, little they know what a void Saddens his soul be the absences of love. Home may the pilgrim return in the future, Back to his loved ones his footsteps he bends, Naught will he find our snow and the ruins, Ashes of love and the tomb of his friends. Pilgrims, begone! Nor return more hereafter, Stranger thou art in the land of thy birth; Others may sing of their love while rejoicing, Thou once again must roam o’er the earth. Pilgrim, begone! Nor return hereafter, Dry are the tears that awhile for thee ran; Pilgrim, begone! And forget thine affliction, Loud laughs the world at the sorrows of man. * HYMMN TO LABORChorus: For our country in war For our country in peace The Filipino will be ready While he lives and when he dies. Men: As soon as the East is tinted with the light Forth to the fields to plow the loam! Since it is work that sustains the man, The motherland, family, and the home. Hard though the soil may prove to be, Implacable the sun above, For motherland, our wives and babes, T’will is easy with our love. Wives: Courageously set out to work, You home is safe with a faithful wife Implanting in her children, love For wisdom, land and virtuous life. When nightfall brings us to our rest, May smiling fortune guard our door;But if cruel fate should harm her man, The wife would toil on as before. Girls: Hail! Hail! Give praise to work! The country’s vigor and her wealth; For work lift up you brow serene I is your blood, your life, your health. If any youth protest his love His works hall proves if he is good. That man alone who strives and toils Can find the way to feed his brood. Boys: Teach us then the hardest task For down thy trails we turn our feet That when our country calls tomorrow Thy purposes, we may complete. And may our elders say, who see us, See! How worthy of their sires! No incense can exalt our dead ones Like a brave son who aspires. Rizal free essay sample He had little enough money for his own needs, let alone the cost of the Noli’s publication†¦ Characteristically, Rizal would not hear of asking his friends for help. He did not want to compromise them. Viola insisted on lending him the money (P300 for 2,000 copies); Rizal at first demurred†¦ Finally Rizal gave in and the novel went to press. The proofs were delivered daily, and one day the messenger, according to Viola, took it upon himself to warn the author that if he ever returned to the Philippines he would lose his head.Rizal was too enthralled by seeing his work in print to do more than smile. The printing apparently took considerably less time than the original estimate of five months for Viola did not arrive in Berlin until December and by the 21st March 1887, Rizal was already sending Blumentritt a copy of my first book. [pic] Rizal, himself, describing the nature of the Noli Me Tangere to his friend Blumentritt, wrote, The Novel is the first impartial and bold account of the life of the tagalogs. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Filipinos will find in it the history of the last ten years†¦ Criticism and attacks against the Noli and its author came from all quarters. An anonymous letter signed A Friar and sent to Rizal, dated February 15, 1888, says in part: How ungrateful you are†¦ If you, or for that matter all your men, think you have a grievance, then challenge us and we shall pick up the gauntlet, for we are not cowards like you, which is not to say that a hidden hand will not put an end to your life. A special committee of the faculty of the University of Santo Tomas, at the request of the Archbishop Pedro Payo, found and condemned the novel as heretical, impious, and scandalous in its religious aspect, and unpatriotic, subversive of public order and harmful to the Spanish government and its administration of theses islands in its political aspect. On December 28, 1887, Fray Salvador Font, the cura of Tondo and chairman of the Permanent Commission of Censorship composed of laymen and ordered that the circulation of this pernicious book be absolutely prohibited.Not content, Font caused the circulation of copies of the prohibition, an a ct which brought an effect contrary to what he desired. Instead of what he expected, the negative publicity awakened more the curiosity of the people who managed to get copies of the book. Assisting Father Font in his aim to discredit the Noli was an Augustinian friar by the name of Jose Rodriguez. In a pamphlet entitled Caiingat Cayo (Beware). Fr. Rodriguez warned the people that in reading the book they commit mortal sin, considering that it was full of heresy.As far as Madrid, there was furor over the Noli, as evidenced by an article which bitterly criticized the novel published in a Madrid newspaper in January, 1890, and written by one Vicente Barrantes. In like manner, a member of the Senate in the Spanish Cortes assailed the novel as anti-Catholic, Protestant, socialistic. It is well to note that not detractors alone visibly reacted to the effects of the Noli. For if there were bitter critics, another group composed of staunch defenders found every reason to justify its publication and circulation to the greatest number of Filipinos.For instance, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, cleverly writing under an assumed name Dolores Manapat, successfully circulated a publication that negated the effect of Father Rodriguez’ Caiingat Cayo, Del Pilar’s piece was entitled Caiigat Cayo (Be Slippery as an Eel). Deceiving similar in format to Rodriguez’ Caiingat Cayo, the people were readily misled into getting not a copy o Rodriguez’ piece but Del Pillar’s. The Noli Me Tangere found another staunch defender in the person of aCatholic theologian of the Manila Cathedral, in Father Vicente Garcia. Under the pen-name Justo Desiderio Magalang. Father Garcia wrote a very scholarly defense of the Noli, claiming among other things that Rizal cannot be an ignorant man, being the product of Spanish officials and corrupt friars; he himself who had warned the people of committing mortal sin if they read the novel had therefore committed such sin for he has read the novel.Consequently, realizing how much the Noli had awakened his countrym en, to the point of defending his novel, Rizal said: Now I die content. Fittingly, Rizal found it a timely and effective gesture to dedicate his novel to the country of his people whose experiences and sufferings he wrote about, sufferings which he brought to light in an effort to awaken his countrymen to the truths that had long remained unspoken, although not totally unheard of. Rizal free essay sample (1877-78)- Rizal finishing the first? year of a course in Philosophy and Letters. He transferred to the? medical course. ? MOTHER’S OPPOSITION TO? HIGHER EDUCATION Rizal had to go the University of? Santo Tomas for higher studies. The? Bachelor of Arts course. Don Francisco and Paciano – who? wanted Jose pursue higher learning in the university ? RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY? April 1877- Rizal who was then nearly? 16 years old, matriculated in the University of Santo Tomas, taking the course on Philosophy and Letters. Rizal enrolled in this course for 2? reasons: 1. His father liked it? 2. He was â€Å"still uncertain as to what? career to pursue†. ? Fr. Pablo Ramon- Rector o the Ateneo ,who have been good to him during his student days in that college, asking for advice on the choice f a career. (1877-78)- Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy in the University of Santo Tomas during his first- year term. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (1878-79)- Rizal took up the medical course. ? FINISHES? SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO (1878) (1877-78) – Rizal took he vocational? course leading to the title of perito agrimensor (expert surveyor). November 25, 1881- At the age of 17? Rizal passed the final examination in the surveying course. ? Dominicans- who loves and? inspires Rizal to ascend to greater heights of knowledge ? Leonor Valenzuela- Rizal’s met her? when he was a sophomore student at the University of Santo Tomas. she was a charming? Manila girl who was living next door to Rizal’s boarding house. Romances lasted one? year ? Leonor Rivera- The beautiful daughter? of his landlord Antonio Rivera. Rizal’s? fell in love with Leonor. Sweetheart of Rizal? Tender romances lasted? 11 years (1879-1890) ? Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino? Youth)- Poem entitled by Rizal ? The price winning poem 1879 – Liceo Artistic- Literario? (Artistic- Literary Lyceum) of Manila- held the literary contest. ? VICTIMS OF SPANISH OFFICER’S? BRUTALITY Rizal was a freshman medical student at? the University of Santo Tomas when he experience Spanish brutality. General Primo de Rivera- Spanish? governor general of the Philippines March 21, 1887- a letter to Blumentritt.? ? Literary contest to commemorate the 4th? centennial of the death of Cervantes. Don Quixote- Spain’s glorified man-of-? letters and famous author El consejo de los Dioses (the council of? the God ? OTHER LITERARY WORKS? -Poems and Zarzuela (December? 8,1880) -Junto al Pasig? -Sonnet entitled A Filipinas (1880)? Poem entitled Abd-el-Azis y? Mahoma (1879) -Poem entitled Al M. R. P. Pablo? Ramon ? RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND? PAGSANJAN Rizal still study in University of Santo? Tomas. Vicenta Ybardolaza- who skillfully? played the harp at the Regalado home Noli Me Tangere? ? CHAMPION OF THE FILIPINO STUDENTS Companarism ? UNHAPPY AT THE UST? 1. The Dominican professors were? hostile him 2. The Filipino students racially? 3. The Filipino students against by? experience 4. Th method of instruction.? El Fulibistirismo? ? DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD? Rizal decided to study in Spain? ? ? CHAPTER V: AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 1877 82 â€Å" O Youth, illuminated by the arts and letters. Stride fourth into arena, break down the heavy Fetters that bind your genius down, for in These topic regions were untortured darkness Once held sway, the wise and kindly Spanish Hand bestows today a splendid crown Upon the native of, the Eastern land. † -Jose Rizal ? 2 courses enrolled at UST Philsophyand Letters (1877 – 1878) Medicine Mother’s Opposition to Higher Education Don Francisco and Paciano wanted Jose to pursue higher learning Dona Teodora opposed this AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 01 ? RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY April 1877, Rizal at 16 years old, entered University of Santo Tomas 2 reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and Letters His father liked it He was not sure what career to pursue FATHER PABLO RAMON Rector of the Ateneo, Rizal asked for advice on the choice of career Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy He took up a medical course 1878-1879 because; he followed AteneoRector’s advice wanted to be able to cure his mother’s growing blindness AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 02 ? FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO 1878 He took a vocational course in Ateneo during his first term in UST The course lead to the title peritoagrimensor(expert surveyor) He passed the final examination at the age of 17 He was granted the title on November 25, 1881 His loyalty to Ateneocontinued President of the Academy of Spanish Literature Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences Secretary of the Marian Congregation AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 03 ? ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS SEGUNDA KATIGBAK 14 yr. old Batanguena and engaged to Manuel Luz â€Å"MISS L† A girl with seductive eyes The romance died a natural death because: The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart His father did not like the family of â€Å"Miss L† AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 04 ? LEONOR VALENZUELA Daughter of Capitan Juan and CapitanaSandayValenzuela, their neighbors who were from Pagsanjan, Laguna Her pet name was â€Å"Orang† Rizal sent notes to her made with invisible ink (salt solution) LEONOR RIVERA Jose boarded in Casa Tomasina (No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros) Daughter of his landlord-uncle from Camiling, Antonio Rivera She was a student at La Concordia College, also the school of Soledad, Jose’s youngest sister Born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867 She used the name â€Å"Taimis† in her letters to Rizal AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 05 ? VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY Setting: Dark night, summer vacation 1878. Calamba He passed by a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil but failed to recognize the latter Insulted, the lieutenant slashed Jose’s back with his sword Jose reported to General Primo de Rivera, Spanish governor general, but no resolution was done because of racial discrimination AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 06 ? TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879) -Literary contest by Artistico-Literario (Artisitic- Literary Lyceum) Rizal, 18 years old, submitted his poem entitled A La Juventud Filipina(To the Filipino Youth) The first prize, a feather shaped, gold ribbon decorated silver pen was given to Rizal In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind and descend with art science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the people. The poem is a classic. Two reasons: It was the first great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary authorities It expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos, and not the foreigners were the â€Å"fair hope of the Fatherland. † AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 07 ? THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS (1880) Another literary contest by the Artistic-Literary Lyceum to commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of Cervantes, Spanish and author of Don Quixote. Manuel De Cervantes – Spain’s glorified man of letter Rizal submitted an allegorical drama,El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods) The allegory was based on Greek classics Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo in securing the needed reference materials The contest was participated by priest, laymen, professors of UST, newspapermen and scholars. Rizal won the first price; he received a gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes. D. N. Del Puzo – a Spanish writer won the 2nd price AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 08 ? OTHER LITERARY WORKS 1879: Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma A poem, declaimed by an Atenean, manuel Fernandez on December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’sPatroness 1880: Junto al Pasig(Beside the Pasig) A zarzuela, staged by the Ateneans on December 8, 1880 on the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, Patroness of the Ateneo. Rizal wrote it as President of the Academy of Spanish Literature 1880: A Filipinas A sonnet, for the album of the Society of Sculptors Rizal urged all Filipino artist to glorify the Philippines 1881: Al M. R. P. Pablo Ramon A poem, an expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneorector AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 09 ? RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN May 1881 Jose, along with his sisters Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and female friends went on a pilgrimate to Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores. They boarded a casco(a flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna They stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, parents of Nicolas, Rizal’s friend in Manila The company witnessed the famous turumba, the people dancing in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores Rizal was infatuated by VicentaYbardolaza She was skillful in playing the harp at the Regalado home Rizal and his party then went to Pagsanjan for two reasons It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 10 ? CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS There were frequent student brawls between the Filipinos and the Spaniards 1880: Rizal founded Companerismo(Comradeship), a secret society of Filipino UST students. The members were called â€Å"Companions of Jehu†. He was the chief of the society. His cousin, GalicanoApacible was the secretary. In one of the skirmishes, Rizal was wounded on the head. Hisfriends brought him to Casa Tomasinawhere Leonor Rivera took care of him. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 11 ? UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST Rizal was unhappy in the Dominican institution because: The Dominican professors were hostile to him The Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive. He failed to win high scholastic honors due to the attitude of his professors. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 12 ? DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD Rizal decided to study in Spain after finishing the fourth year of his medical course. The people who approved this are the following: His older brother Paciano His sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia Uncle Antonio Rivera The Valenzuela family Some friends The people who did not know of his decision are the following: Rizal’s parents Leonor Rivera Spanish authorities AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 13 ? 2. CHAPTER V1:IN SUNNY SPAIN ? 3. MAY 3, 1882 – Rizal left Manila He joined Propaganda Movement and became a Mason and worked with Filipino patriots in seeking reforms. SECRET DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN PERSONS WHO KNOWS RIZAL’S DEPARTURE PacianoAntonio RiveraJesuit FathersClose Friends ? 4. Php 700. 00 with diamond ring – given by Paciano to RizalPhp 35. 00 – allowance per month; to be send by Pacianoand his uncle AntonioJOSE MERCADO – name appeared in his passportMANUEL T. HIDALGO – sender of telegram; he tells that the Spanish steamer SALVADORAwas scheduled to sail to SingaporeMAY 1, 1882 – he left Calamba by CARROMATA, reaching Manila after 10 hoursSANTO DOMINGO CHURCH – he attended the mass before leaving JOSE M. CECILIO (Chengoy) – Rizal’s close friend, one of his close friends who know his departure ? 5. SINGAPORE Founded by SIR THOMAS RAFFLES The SALVADORA reached the English colony of Singapore on May 9. Rizal logged in HOTEL DE LAPAZ for 2 days. FIRST TRIP TO SUEZ CANAL DJEMNAH – a French steamer; sailed to Europe MAY 26 he saw the coast of AFRICA He called this as â€Å"AN INHOSPITABLE LAND BUT FAMOUS†ADEN hotter than the Philippines; he saw camels and Arabian horsesJUNE 2 He arrived at the city of SUEZSUEZ CANAL a historic waterway constructed by ENGR. FERDINAND DE LESSEPS ? 6. NAPLES AND MARSEILLES JUNE 11 – Rizal reached Naples, an Italian city Rizal was fascinated by MOUNT VESUVIUS and CASTLE OF ST. TELMO. He visited CHATEAU d’LF, where Dantes, hero of the Count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned. Rizal stayed here for 2 ? days. BARCELONA MAY 16, 1882 – he reached BARCELONA; the greatest city of CATALUNA and Spain’s 2nd largest cityLAM RAMBLAS – famous street in BarcelonaPLAZA DE CATALUNA – welcome party for Rizal was made by Rizal’s schoolmates at Ateneo ? 7. AMOR PATRIO (Love of Country) – he wrote it in Barcelona; this is a nationalistic essay written in Spanish soil under the pseudonym of Dimas – AlangPublished in two text Spanish – Rizal Filipino – M. H. del Pilar DIARYONG TAGALOG – first Manila bilingual newspaper FRANCISCO CALVO – editor of DiaryongTagalog; member of editorial staffTWO PEN NAMES USED BY RIZAL DIMAS – ALANG – used in joining the Masonry LAONG LAAN – used in his essayTHREE ARTICLES FOR DIARYONG TAGALOG Amor Patrio (Love of Country) Los Viajes (Travels)Revistade Madrid (Review of Madrid) – it was returned to him because of financial reasons Then Rizal moves to Madrid. ? 8. SAD NEWS FROM HOME Spread of Cholera that was ravaging Manila and other provinces Leonor Rivera was getting thinner because of an absence of a loved one. LIFE IN MADRID- He enrolled at UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID (Central University of Madrid)- 2 courses enrolled (MEDICINE, PHILOSOPHY LETTERS)- Took lessons at the Academy of San Carlos (Painting Sculpture)- He also took private lessons in (GERMAN, FRENCH ENGLISH) ? 9. THEY ASKED ME FOR VERSES Rizal joined the CIRCULO HISPANO FILIPINO which is a society of Spaniards and Filipino. Rizal was requested to create a poem which was declaimed upon December 31, 1882. RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS SENOR ROCES – owner of store where Rizal purchased 2ndhand books Rizal was deeply affected by BEELCHESS STOWE’S â€Å"UNCLE TOM’S CABIN† EUGENE SUE’S â€Å"THE WONDERIGN JEW†. Rizal also visited PARIS for the first time and he said that â€Å"PARIS IS THE COSTLIEST CAPITAL IN EUROPE†. ? 10. RIZAL BECOMES A MASON Rizal got contacts with the Liberal and Republican Masons. In 1883, he joined the MASONIC LODGE ACACIA in Madrid adopting the Masonic name DIMAS – ALANG. REASONS WHY HE JOINED MASONRY The bad friars in the Philippines, by their abuses unworthy of their priestly habit, drove Rizal to desperation and to masonry. He needed to help the masons to fight the bad friars in the Philippines. Upon November 15, 1892 he became the master mason ofLODGE SOLIDARIDAD and on February 15, 1892 he became the master mason of LE GRAND DE ORIENT FRANCE in Paris. ? 11. TWO TITANS OF THE BRUSH JUAN LUNA – 1st price for his SPOLIARIUM, he received as gold medalFELIX HIDALGO 2nd price for his CHRISTIAN VIRGINS EXPOSE TO THE POPULACE TWO COURSES FINISHED IN MADRID Doctor of MedicineLicentiate of Philosophy and Letters ? CHAPTER VII: PARIS TO BERLIN (1885 87 ? Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology. He chose this branch because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment. IN GAY PARIS (1885-86) After studying at the Central University of Madrid, Rizal, who was then 24 yrs old, went to Paris to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology. ? MAXIMO VIOLA – a medical student and a member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan SENOR EUSEBIO COROMINAS – editor of La Publicidad DON MIGUEL MORAYTA – owner of La Publicidad and a statesman Rizal gave Editor Corominas (an article on the Carolines Question) NOVEMBER 1885 – Rizal was living in Paris He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert, a leading French ophthalmologist. JUAN LUNA – great master of the brush; Rizal helped him by posing as model in Luna’s paintings. â€Å"The Death of Cleopatra† – where Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest â€Å"The Blood Compact† – Rizal posed as Sikatuna ? RIZAL AS MUSICIAN Rizal had no natural aptitude for music, and this he admitted. He studied music only because many of his schoolmates at Ateneo were taking music lessons. He told Enrique Lete that he â€Å"learned the solfeggio, piano, and voice culture in one month and a half†. He is also a flutist. Some of his compositions are: AlinMangLahi (Any Race) – a pariotic song which asserts that any race aspires for freedom La Deportacion (Deportation) – a sad danza, composed in Dapitan ? IN HISTORIC HEIDELBERG FEBRUARY 3, 1886 – Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, a historic city in Germany famous for its old university and romantics surroundings. He became popular among the Germans because they found out that he was a good chess player. He worked at the University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker, distinguished German ophthalmologist. ? â€Å"TO THE FLOWERS OF HEIDELBERG† APRIL 22, 1886 – Rizal wrote a fine poem entitled â€Å"A Las Flores de Heidelberg† (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) because he was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the Neckar River, which is the light blue flower called â€Å"forget- me-not†. WITH PASTOR ULLMER AT WILHELMSFELD Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation at Wilhelmsfeld where he stayed at the place of a Protestant pastor, Dr. Karl Ullmer. The pastor has a wife and two children named Etta and Fritz. ? FIRST LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT JULY 31, 1886 – Rizal wrote his first letter to Professor FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT who is the Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. Blumentritt is an Austrian ethnologist and he has an interest in the Philippine language. Rizal sent Aritmetica (Arithmetic) book to Blumentritt which was published in 2 languages Spanish and Tagalog – by the University of Santo Tomas Press in 1868. The author was RufinoBaltazar Hernandez. Blumentritt became the best friend of Rizal. ? FIFTH CENTENARY OF HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY The famous University of Heidelberg held its fifth centenary celebration on August 6, 1886 where Rizal had witnessed the said celebration. IN LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN AUGUST 14, 1886 – Rizal arrived in Leipzig He attended some lectures at the University of Leipzig on history and psychology. He befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, a famous historian, and Dr. Hans Meyer, German anthropologist. Rizal found out that the cost of living in Leipzig was the cheapest in Europe so he stayed for 2 months and a half. On October 29, he went to Dresden, where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, the Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum. ? RIZAL WELCOMED IN BERLIN’S SCIENTIFIC CIRCLES Rizal was enchanted by Berlin because of its scientific atmosphere and the absence of race prejudice. Some scientists Rizal met are: DR. FEODOR JAGOR – German scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines DR. RUDOLF VIRCHOW – famous German anthropologist DR. W. JOEST – German geographer DR. KARL ERNEST SCHWEIGGER – famous German ophthalmologist ? RIZAL’S LIFE IN BERLIN Five reasons why Rizal stayed in Berlin: To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology To further his studies of science and languages To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation To associate with famous German scientists and scholars To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere Rizal worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Scweigger, and at night, he attended lectures in the University of Berlin. He also took private lessons in French under Madame Lucie Cerdole. ? RIZAL ON GERMAN WOMEN Rizal sent a letter to his sister, Trinidad, dated on March 11, 1886. In his letter, Rizal expressed his high regard and admiration for German womanhood. Rizal said that German woman is serious, diligent, educated and friendly. GERMAN CUSTOMS Some of the German customs Rizal admired: On Yuletide season, people will select a pine tree from the bushes and adorned it with lanterns, papers, lights, dolls, candies, fruits, etc. Self-introduction to strangers in a social gathering. ? RIZAL’S DARKEST WINTER The winter of 1886 in Berlin was his darkest winter. He lived in poverty because no money arrived from Calamba and he was flat broke. He could not pay his landlord and he was eating only one meal a day. His clothes were old and threadbare. His health broke down due to lack of proper nourishment. This is one of the most memorable days in the life of Rizal. Paris to Berlin (1885-87) Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology -He chose this branch because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment He also continued his travels and observations of European life and customs, government and laws in Paris, Heidelberg, Leipzig and Berlin In Berlin, Jose met and befriended several top German scientists, Dr. Feodor Jagor, Dr. Adolph B. Meyer and Dr. Rudolf Virchow After his studies in Central University of Madrid, Rizal, who was 24 years old and already a physician, went to Paris in order to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology Maximo Viola(Barcelona) – a medical student and a member of rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan Senor Eusebio Corominas – editor of the newspaper La Publicidad Miguel Morayta – owner of La Publicidad and a statesman Carolines Question – an article Rizal’s gave to Editor Corominas; a controversial issue for publication November 1885 – he was living in Paris Dr. Louis de Weckert(1852-1906) – leading French ophthalmologist where Rizal worked as an assistant about four months January 1, 1886 Rizal wrote a letter for his mother to reveal that he was rapidly improved his knowledge in ophthalmology Rizal relaxed by visiting his friends, such as the family of the Pardo de Taveras(Trinidad, Felix, and Paz), Juan Luna and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo Juan Luna – the great master of brush; Rizal helped him by posing as model in several paintings: 1. â€Å"the Death of Cleopatra†, Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest 2. ‘the Blood Compact†, Rizal posed as Sikatuna Rizal had no natural aptitude for music, and this he admitted. 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He was a flutist in various impromptu reunions of Filipinos in Paris Some of his compositions are: â€Å"Alin Mang Lahi†(Any Race) – a patriotic song which asserts that any race aspires for freedom â€Å"La Deportacion†(Deportation) – a sad danza, composed in Dapitan during his exile February 1, 1886 – left gay Paris February 3, 1886 – arrived in Heidelberg(a historic city in Germany famous for its old university and romantic surroundings Rizal was a good chess player and became a member of Chess Player’s Club He became popular among German students because he joined them in their chess games and beer-drinking and watched their friendly saber duels He worked at the University of Heidelberg under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker, German ophthalmologist He was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the cool banks of the Neckar River The light blue â€Å"forget-me-not† – his favorite flower April 22, 1886 – he wrote a fine poem â€Å"A Las Flores de Heidelberg†(To the Flowers of Heidelberg) Wilhelmsfeld where Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation Protestant Pastor Dr. Karl Ullmer where Rizal stay at the vicarage of their house and who become his good friend and admirer May 29, 1887 Rizal wrote from Munich (Muchen) to Friedrich (Fritz) July 31, 1886 Rizal wrote his first letter in German to Blumentritt August 6, 1886 fifth centenary of Heidelberg University August 9, 1886 Rizal left Heidelberg August 14, 1886 when he arrived in Leipzig Leipzig Rizal translated Schiller’s William Tell from German into Tagalog. He also translated Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Anderson. He stayed about two and half month in Leipzig October 29, 1886 he left Leipzig for Dresden where he met Dr. Meyer Dr. Adolph B. Meyer  ± director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum Nov. 1 he left Dresden by train, reaching Berlin in the evening Berlin where Rizal met Dr. Teodor Jagor Dr. Feodor Jagor author of Travels in the Philippines Dr. Hans Virchow professor of Descriptive Anatomy Dr. Rudolf Virchow – German Anthropologist Dr. W. Joest noted German geographer Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger famous German ophthalmologist where Jose worked in his clinic Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society Ethnological Society Geographical Society of Berlin Five reasons why Rizal lived in Germany: Gain further knowledge of ophthalmology Further his studies of sciences and languages Observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation Associate with famous German scientists and scholars Publish his novel, Noli me Tangere Madame Lucie Cerdole French professor; she became Jose’s professor in Berlin. He took private lessons in French in order to master the idiomatic intricacies of the French language March 11, 1886 Rizal wrote a letter addressed to his sister, Trinidad, expressing his high regard and admiration for German womanhood German woman serious, diligent, educated and friendly Spanish woman gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome Christmas custom of the Germans Self-introduce to stranger in social gathering Winter of 1886 – Rizal’s darkest winter in Berlin. He lived in poverty because no money arrived from Calamba. Rizal starved in Berlin and shivered with wintry cold, his health down due to lack of proper nourishment View of the modernized building where Dr. Rizal had resided in Berlin ? Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal ? CHAPTER VII: NOLI ME TANGERE ? February 21,1887- the first novel Noli Me Tangere was finished IDEA OF WRITING ON PHILIPPINES: The reading of Harriet Beecher Stowesâ€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin†- which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate Negro, Slaves, inspired Dr. Jose Rizal to prepare a novel on the Philippines Rizal was a student in the Central University of Madrid Rizal proposed is writing of a novel about the Philippines during the reunion of Filipinos in the house of the Paternos in Madrid on January 2,1884 ? His proposal was unanimously approved by: Pedro Maximo Antonio They were Paternos Graciano Lopez Jaena Evaristo Aguirre Julio Llorente Valentin Ventura Eduardo De Lete ? The end of 1884-Rizal began writing the novel in madrid and he finished one half of it 1885 He went to Paris for completing his studies in the Universidad Central De Madrid He continued writing the novel, finishing the one half of the second half. GERMANY 1886 During the dark days While his spirit was at its lowest ebb, he almost threw the manuscript into the fire The novel was almost finished ? He was desperately desponded because he saw no hope of having it to published for he was utterly penniless FERNANDO CANON- friend of Rizal MID DECEMBER- a telegram from Barcelona arrived THE TELEGRAM Sent by Dr. Maximo Viola, informing Rizal of his coming visit to Berlin ? The message revived the author’s Hope Dr. Maximo Viola A scion of a rich family of San Miguel Bulacan Would surely lend him the money for the publication of the novel The man had saved â€Å"Noli† Viola was a Godsend Viola came to Berlin to invite Rizal to join him in a tour of Europe When he learned of Rizal’s predicament, he kindly agreed to postponed the tour and instead, advanced some money so that the novel could be printed ? 1887 First edition of Noli Me Tangere was printed in Berlin P300. oo cost of printing (advance by Viola) for 2000 copies MARCH 29,1887 Rizal gave the Galley Proofs of the Noli A significant date for it was the date when the Noli Me Tangere came off the press NOLI ME TANGERE a latin phrase which means â€Å"Touch me not†, from the bible ? MARCH 1887 Rizal writing to Felix R. Hidalgo in french â€Å"Noli Me Tangere† words taken from the gospel of St. Luke Rizal made a mistake. It should be the gospel of St. John, on the first Easter Sunday St. John(chapter 20:13-17) ST. MARY MAGDALENE visited the Holy Sepulchre, and to her our Lord Jesus, just arisen from the dead ? The author’s dedication. Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines â€Å"to my country† his dedication runs as follows: Recorded in the history of human sufferings is a cancer so malignant a character that the least touch irritates it and awakens in it the sharpest pains. Thus, how many times, when in the midst of modern civilization i have wished to call thee before me, now to accompany me in memories ? Now to compare thee with other countries, hath thy dear image presented itself showing a social cancer like a to that other! Desiring thy welfare which our own, an seeking the best treatments, i will do with thee what the ancient did with their seek exposing them on the steps of the temple so that everyone who came to invoke the divinity might ofer them a remedy. ? And to this end, Iwill strive to reproduce thy condition faithfully, without discrimination, Iwill raise a part of the veil that covers the evil, sacrificing to truth everything, even vanity itself. Since, as thy son i am conscious that Ialso suffer from thy defects and weaknesses. ? NOLI ME TANGERE Contains 63 chapters and an epilogue It begins the reception given by Captain Tiago (Santiago De Los Santos) at his house in CalleAnloague ( Now Juan Luna Street) on the last day of October CRISOSTOMO IBARRA A young and rich Filipino who had just turn after 7 years of study in Europe ? The reception or dinner was given in honor of Crisostomo Was only son of Don Rafael Ibarra DON RAFAEL IBARRA Friend of CapitanTiago and fiance of beautiful Maria Clara supposed daugther of Capitan Tiago GUEST DURING RECEPTION Padre Damaso- a Franciscan Friar who had been priest of San Diego( Calamba), Ibarra’s native town for 20 years ? 2. Padre Sibyla-a young dominican parish priest of Binondo 3. Senor Guevara an elderly and kind lieutenant of the GuardiaCivil DON TIBURCIO de ESPADANA a bogus Spanish Physician , lame, and henpeckeadhusband of Dona Victorina and several ladies. PADRE DAMASO was in a bad mood because he got a bony neck and hard wing of the chicken Tinola. he tried to discredit Ibarra’s remarks. ? =AFTER DINNER= Ibarra Left captain Tiago’s house to return to his hotel. On the way, the kind lieutenant Guevarratold him the sad story of his father’s death in San Diego. Don Rafael – his father, was a rich and brave man. He defended a helpless boy from the brutality of a illiterate Spanish tax collector, pushing the latter and accidentally killing him. He was thrown in prison, where he died unhappily. ? He was buried in consecrated ground but his enemies, accusing him of being a heretic, had his body removed from the cemetery. On hearing his father’s sad story, Ibarra thanked the kind Spanish lieutenant and vowed to find out the truth about his father’s death. ? =THE FOLLOWING MORNING= Ibarra, visited Maria Clara, his childhood sweetheart Maria Clara teasingly said that he had forgotten her because the girls in Germany were beautiful, then Ibarra replied that he had never forgotten her. After the romantic reunion with Maria Clara, Ibarra went to San Diego to visit his father’s grave. It was All Saint’s Day.. at the cemetery, the grave –digger told Ibarra that the corpse of Don Rafael was removed by order of the parish priest to be buried in the Chinese cemetery. ? But the corpse was heavy and it was a dark rainy night so that he simply threw the corpse into the lake. Ibarra was angered by the grave-diggers story. He left the cemetery. On the way, he met Padre Salvi Franciscan parish priest of San Diego. In a flash, Ibarra pounced on the priest , demanding redness for desecrating his father’s mortal remains. PADRE SALVI- told him that he had nothing to do with it, for he was not the parish priest at the time of Don Rafael’s death. ? It was Padre Damaso, his predecessor, who was responsible for it. Convinced of Padre Salvi’sinnosence, Ibarra went away. In his town, Ibarra met several interesting people, such as the wise old man Tasio the Sage, whose ideas were too advanced for his times so that the people, who could not understand him, called him â€Å"Tasio the Lunatic†. The progressive school teacher, who complied to Ibarra that the children were losing interest in thier studies because of lack f a proper schoolhouse and discouraging attitude of the parish priest toward teaching of Spanish and the use of modern method of PEDAGOGY. ? The spineless gobernadorcillo, who catered to wishes of the Spanish priest: Don FilipoLino the ten

Essay Sample on Humor in the Operating Room A Creative Short Story

Essay Sample on Humor in the Operating Room A Creative Short Story Creative Short Story/Essay: Humor in the Operating Room: It is often believed that the OPERATING ROOM (OP) is one place that is enveloped with an aura of seriousness, so much so that even surgeons cannot have a hearty laugh while attending to a serious life saving procedure such as CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING. Unfortunately, no! In fact, humor is an ingredient that is more than cherished. I have been an operating room nurse for the past five years. Even though we deal with tons of stress, it’s a rewarding profession filled with fun. Just before I celebrated my thirtieth birthday, I was working with a CARDIOLOGIST surgeon. He was always dapper, in and out of the hospital. There is a day he slipped and had to land with his hand off the ground just to make sure that his HOEMOSTATIC Kelly forceps remained STERILE, only to get on his feet and ask the whole room, â€Å"Am I still sterile?† I could barely catch my breath, everybody laughed. Luckily, the patient remained stable despite the loss of precious seconds and the INTRAVENOUS injection of APROTININ and DESMOPRESSIN helped in lowering HYPERTENSION and preventing ANGINA. As for his free fall, we got him a prescription of DEMEROL to wish the pain away. The OP is always closed during operation and therefore it is equipped with all necessary PRESCRIPTION DRUGS. No need to say, the forceps; now infested with PATHOGENS found its way to our modern front-loading AUTOCLAVE. Just a few weeks ago in the UROLOGY room, an ANAESTHESIA provider; who has a tight schedule so much so that you’d think he never lives the hospital, asked a new OP nurse to go get some TAMPONS and GAUZE and the nurse looked up rather quizzically wondering why the anesthetist wanted a ‘tampon’. She never knew that what the provider wanted was an adsorbent plug of cotton to help in absorbing blood from the wound. On a more serious note, most of you have heard about the negative effects of too much dietary CHOLESTEROL and its role in ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CARDIAC ARREST and a host of other CARDIOVASCULAR diseases. The effects of unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical exercise are what we have to deal with in the operating theatre everyday. It is better to be wise and adopt a healthy lifestyle.

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Nursing leadership and management style - Article Example Therefore, it is a position and necessity that all the expertise in the childcare health consultancy is experienced in child health and development (Braveman and Tarimo, 1994). Moreover, they must have the knowledge about the distinct needs that concern the children in and out of home childcare settings. Mission: The mission of this health institution is to provide basic childcare health consultancy towards preventing harm and promoting optimal health programs towards bettering the child health care services. Additionally, the consultant aims at liaising with other health professionals as well as relevant community organizations. Mission Statement: The mission statement of the child care health consultancy seeks to establish a strong relationship with the child health care providers by identifying, implementing, and evaluating strategies towards achieving quality child health care services including the establishment of basic health and safety operational plans and guidelines to the children health care providers (Pilnick, Hindmarsh, and Gill, 2010). Organisational Structure: this health care institution has numerous department departments and practitioners since it targets children with different health needs. The chief consultant who will be in charge of the institution heads the institution and he/she will be the final decision maker of the institution. Under the chief consultant, there are numerous departments including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, chiropractic, and allied health among other care providers (Pilnick, Hindmarsh, and Gill, 2010). Notably, most of the works are done by the primary care, secondary care as well as tertiary care. The consultant has a series of field health practitioners who are responsible for collecting child health care data as well as sensitizing the community of the advantage and the importance of the child health care consultancy for the society and its health care related concerns. Budget: the budget of this

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Hyatt manage, franchise, own and develop Hyatt branded hotels, resorts and residential and vacation ownership properties around the world. As of March 2010, Hyatts worldwide lodging portfolio consisted of 434 branded properties. Hyatt International manages luxury hotels in Asia Pacific, Europe, a, Middle East and Latin America, offering upscale travellers six distinct brands: Grand Hyatt, Park Hyatt, Hyatt Place, Hyatt Summerfield Suites, Hyatt Resorts, and Andaz. Hyatt often struggles to maintain its market share over its other competitors i.e. Hilton worldwide and Marriott international Inc. in some overseas markets, particularly Asian countries. Hyatt International distinguishes itself in todays competitive marketplace with brands that deliver experiences to match the lifestyles, attitudes, values and aspirations of its guests. The companys properties share core values and they offer exceptional guest services, upscale amenities, popular restaurants and bars, and innovative and distinctive interior designs that incorporate local art and styles. As a privately held company, Hyatt is driven by these values rather than shareholder dictates, and has strategically been able to grow its luxury hotel brands based on its mission to operate the worlds finest collection of hotels. Section 1.1 Reason for choosing Hyatt: After searching the subject for assignment I find it interesting to study about the Hyatt Hotels Corporation. In order to know its strategies and management policy which has unable it to gain a lot of success worldwide in last few years. Section 1.2 Aims and Objectives : The main aim of the dissertation is to understand the strategic planning and to know its implementation through the case study. Objectives: 1) To conduct the analysis of strategic planning. 2) To study the implementation of strategic planning. Section 2: Literature Review 2.1 Marketing planning and principles: It is important to understand what is meant by marketing. The following definitions of marketing have been provided by the authorities indicated: The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well that the product or service fits him and sell itself. Drucker (1974) According to Philip Kotler: Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Therefore marketing means identifying and meeting human and social needs. Marketing is meeting needs profitably, marketing means understanding what are the exact needs? Meeting those needs in best possible way, which will satisfy consumer and which will be profitable for business in money term as well as to lead the competition. In marketing exchange is the core concept, it is a process of getting a desire product from someone by offering something in return. In marketing for exchange, it needs at least two parties. Each party must have something which has value for other party. Each party must to be able for communication and delivery. Each party is free to accept or reject the exchange offer. Each party believes it is appropriate or desirable to deal with the other party. Traditionally the market was a physical place where buyers and sellers was meeting to buy and sell the goods (like grain markets, cloth markets etc.). In modern economics the concept of market is expanded. Manufacturers go to resource market (like raw material market, labour market, money market etc.) buy resources turn them in to goods and services and sell the finished products to intermediaries who sells them to consumers. Consumer sells there labour and receive money from which they buy the goods and services. Marketing concept emerged in the mid 1950s. Instead of product centred philosophy of make-and-sell business shifted to consumer-centred philosophy of sense-and-respond. Marketing is not Hunting, marketing is Gardening. Marketing means producing right products for your customers, its not finding right customer for your product. A well-planned marketing is the key to achieve organisational goals of the company, being more effective than competitors in creating, delivering and communicating superior customer value to its chosen target market. Strategic marketing planning The process of developing and maintaining a strategic fit between the organizations goals and capabilities and its changing marketing opportunities. It relies on developing a clear company mission, supporting objectives, a sound business portfolio and coordinated functional strategies. (Philip Kotler Gary Armstrong, 1996) A strategic marketing planning is essential for organisations to focus their approach towards mission and objectives. In marketing planning process, to meet the consumer needs efficiently following things are important: 1. Develop a mission statement: According to Philip Kotler and gary Armstrong, 1996, A mission statement is a statement of the organizations purpose what it wants to accomplish in the larger environment. 2. Set goals: The goal of an organization derives from the mission of the company. It explains in short the agenda of the company for next five years. 3. Set objectives: It explains what needs to be done under goal in following years. The objectives are mentioned priority wise. 4. Identify strategies and tactics: This helps us to know how to attain the objectives describe how to attain the objectives through its goals. This statement separates actions that the management wants to execute during anytime in the year. 5. Implementation of marketing mix. 6. Investment of money and resources. 7. Co-ordination of all organisational departments. Marketing strategy primarily focuses on optimising profit and return on investment, not just maximising sale. Strategy covers long-term intentions, objectives and targets and planning focus on short-term action programmes followed to achieve the strategy. Marketing strategy is focusing on expanding the use of existing products in existing markets. It is concerned with meeting the objectives of an organisation or some part of it. Marketing planning is concerned with detail of implementing the agreed strategy. It covers the resources needed and the means to be used to implement strategy. In marketing planning of an organisation, the goal of organisation must be clear. I have developed Figure 1.1 to show the steps that are followed when developing a marketing plan. This leads to a development of a marketing strategy which requires the help of good market audit, analysis and marketing mix. This is implemented by monitoring, controlling and evaluation to ensure that the organisation achieves its optimum goal and targets. Goal / Target Implementation Vision Market Audit:Analyse current position and opportunities Market research: Gain information on market Marketing Mix: Pursued customer to buy the product Objectives Mission Marketing strategy Market analysis Market segmentation Qualitative Analysis Consumer analysis/test Quantitative Analysis Place Price Product Promotion Monitoring Controlling Evaluation Strategy formation Figure 1.1 The Steps in the development of a Marketing plan 2.2 Techniques and tools There are several tool and techniques which can be used for forming strategy for an organization. These tools are as follows: 1. Ansoff Matrix 2. SWOT analysis 3. Portars five forces. 2.2.A. Ansoff Matrix: This  is a tool which can be use to produce strategies of an establishment. This gives an idea to expand current business by forming new strategies. This matrix can be use as a guide to choose a plan of action for the present performance. The matrix has four levels, as below: CURRENT PRODUCTS NEW PRODUCTS MARKET PENETRATION PRODUCT DEVELOPEMENT MARKET DEVELOPMENT DIVERSIFICATION CURRENT MARKET NEW MARKET Figure 1.2 Ansoff matrix Source: Stone P. (2001) make marketing work for you: boost your profits with proven marketing techniquesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ Market Penetration: It relates to expanding current share in the current market to enhance the growth. Market extension: It means taking present products in new market that means increasing sales in new market. Product development: Product development means creating new products or amending previous product in current market Diversification: This can be related to product or market or unrelated to both. Above mentioned factors can be used while planning a strategy of an organization 2.2. B. SWOT analysis: It is a strategy planning tool which analyses the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat involved in particular business or project. It identifies the factors which can be encouraging or discouraging for the business, those factors can be internal as well as external. Those factors are: INTERNAL FACTORS WEAKNESSES Slow internal decisions Minimum recourses High cost base Limited for specific segment Take time for transportation Deficiency of experts Location of the market STRENGTHS Brand image Skilled workforce Good systems Monopoly of the brand Strong customer loyalty Improvement in the product Location of the market MARKETING STRATEGY OPPORTUNITIES Booming Economy Good design product Credit facilities Government policy change New technology Developing market No strong competition THREATS Industry reputation Global competition Hostile legislation Product limitation New competition Price war Declare taxation to product EXTERNAL FACTORS Figure 1.3: SWOT Analysis Table Strength: The establishments strengths are its potentials and wealth. Weakness: The lack of the some strength is considered as weakness. Opportunity: The environmental analysis may lead to some opportunities which will be helpful for the organization to make profit. Threats: Sometime few changes in the external environment can lead to the threats for the organization. SWOT analysis gives the information about the resources which can be used in competitive environment in which the organization is functioning. Hence it is very useful in strategy formulation 2.2.C. Porters five forces: Porter five forces are used for analysing the industry and for formulating a strategy. If SWOT analysis is used together then it is very beneficial for an organization Industry competition Rivalry among existing firms Bargaining power of supplier Bargaining power of Buyers Threats of substitute products or service Thetas of new entrants Figure 1.4: Porters five forces SOURCE Bargaining power of supplier: The power of supplier tends to be high during when: There are large numbers of suppliers in the market. Where there is a scarcity of particular item. Bargaining power of customers: The bargaining power of customer helps organization to know the capacity of customers to put pressure on volumes and margins.Mostly the consumer will bargain when: When they buy in large quantity. The products are of very high cost The customer can make those products. Threat of new entrance: The other companies can entre industry more easily if the competition in industry is more. In such times new comers can change the market surrounding. Threat from substitute : The threat from substitute can occur when the similar type of product is available in the market with comparatively low price as well as same standards. This can attract large market share. Competitive Rivalry between Existing Players: If there is more competition in the current companies then automatically pressure goes on pricing and so the profitability. Porter M (2008) 2.3 Stakeholders: The stakeholder is any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organizations objective (Freeman 1984).The most common way of classifying stakeholder is to consider a group of people with noticeable relationship with corporation. The diagram below shows the stakeholders map of very large organization. (Friedman Miles 2006) Firms Owners Financial Community Activist groups Customers Customer advocate groups Unions Employees Trade associations Competitors Suppliers Government Political Groups Figure 1.5 : Stakeholders [Freeman (1984)] 2.4. Strategic option To develop a marketing strategy there can be many ways which can be adopted by the company to face the present financial situation. When the market is changing then the growth opportunities increases. To know those opportunities proper marketing strategy is important. Even when the economic situation is not good but still if proper marketing strategy is made then it is helpful to run the organization effectively. Hyatt is considering the number of options for the strategy which can be more developed, approved and determined. Section 3 : Research Method Research may be simply defined as the systematic search for knowledge and this has two key elements. The first and most obvious element is the search for knowledge and the second is the purpose of that search for knowledge. The knowledge generated must be captured so it can be made accessible to others. Research must be capable of being reported in enough detail so that a specific study is replicable and hence publicly verifiable. Secondary data analysis can be literally defined as second-hand analysis. It is the analysis of data or information that was either gathered by someone else (e.g., researchers, institutions, other NGOs, etc.) or for some other purpose than the one currently being considered, or often a combination of the two (Cnossen 1997). As with the literature, secondary data can play a variety of roles in a research project, from being the whole basis of the research to being a vital or incidental point of comparison. Some advantages and disadvantages of using secondary data are listed below. A considerable amount of leisure and tourism data is collected on a regular basis at considerable cost, particularly by government agencies, often the immediate policy requirements of the data are quite limited for example to announce a global figure on tourism numbers or numbers of participants in sport. In a sector where research funds are limited, it would seem unwire for the research community to waste such resources by failing to extract all possible research potential from them. This requires careful consideration of ways in which available data might be used, and often calls. Advantages Disadvantages Timing data may be instantly available. Cost cost of collecting new data avoided. Experience- the trial and error experience of those who collected the original data can be exploited. Scale secondary data may be based on larger samples than would otherwise be possible. Serendipity inductive process of data analysis may yield serendipitous findings, which may not have arisen with primary, purpose-designed data collection. Design secondary data has been designed for another purpose, so may not be ideal for current project. Analysis limitation if access to the raw data for re-analysis is not possible, oppourtunities for analysis/manipulation of the data of the current project may be limited. Section 4 : Data Presentation Hyatt.jpg Mission and vision statements Mission and vision statements plays important roles in any organization, which shows the way for company to make future plan in order achieve their vision and mission. The vision gives a path to management and employees to work. It also shows the companies aim for next ten years. Vision is made by keeping the aims in the mind and where exactly they want to be in the future. Mission statement explains the characteristics and standards of an organization, which help the employees to know the standards of the company hence accordingly they can improve their performance. It also gives an idea about the quality benchmark of an establishment. Mission of Hyatt According to the annual report of Hyatt Hotel Corporations (2009) they set the mission is to provide authentic hospitality by making a difference in the lives of the people we touch every day. It shows the standard of an organization and with this mission statement, they can motivate their staff to give executive service to the customers with which company can earn profits and goodwill as well. Goals of Hyatt Increasing the engagement of their associates; Increasing the guest service and meeting planner satisfaction levels in their property; Increasing their share of revenue in their market; and Maximizing operating profits and margins for their property. Further expand our presence by increasing the number of hotels in our portfolio; and Actively manage our capital base to drive preference for our brands. With this goals company can grow in this recession period in the competitive industry. Environmental Objectives: Hyatt puts more attention on environ mental factors in order to help to reduce global warming. The companys commitment towards environment is : At Hyatt, theyre committed to making a positive and lasting impact in every community in which they operate. They do this by demonstrating a strong commitment to preserving their natural environment through Hyatt Earth, by giving back to the local community through Hyatt Community, and with the volunteer services of their associates through Hyatts Family of Responsible and Caring Employees Ethical Objectives: Hyatts follows its ethical values in each department .Those values are as follows: Hyatt is completely responsible for their employees. The ethical responsibility towards them is to give proper training to them irrelative of their race, sex and origin. Through Hyatts ethical values employees has right to overcome the customer who are highly problematic. Cultural Objectives: The Hyatts cultural objective is to give authentic hospitality service and strives to make a difference in the life of guests. Business Objectives: The main business objective is to appear as a leading hospitality company by making the profit to enhance the business. For this, it also concentrates on satisfaction of their employees and also achieves social responsibility. In all circumstances Hyatt tries to complete these objective, hence though the current financial market conditions are not good still it has not been affected. Marketing Environment: The changes in marketing environment of Hyatt can occur in following areas: Economic forces: The marketing strategy largely depends on internal as well as external economic forces. The internal economic forces will depend on the growth and the profit of the organization and external economic forces will depend on the overall market situation. If the economical environment is not suitable then to improve the same management should evaluate their strategies in order to gain success. Socio political changes: This can affect the organization largely. This can affect the costing as well. This includes the changes in social and political environment which can lead to some changes in rules and regulation by the government, which in return can affect the organization. Natural environment: It involves natural resources that are needed by marketers or which can affect the marketing environment of establishment. The natural environment can affect hotel industry in drastic ways. It includes natural calamities like shortage of raw materials, earthquakes, floods, and other. In such situation a hotel should implicate the strategies which will attract more customers and should gives offers which will convince the more guest. TIMETABLE FOR IMPLEMENTING STRATEGY: Following is the timetable for implementing a strategy for developing a new branch of Hyatt. PLAN TIME RESOURCES Building new property for hotel. 2 Years Capital, Labor, machineries Completing hotel interiors 1 Year Funds, Skilled personnel Establishing new teams and tasks for the establishing infrastructure. 6 months Recruiters, employees at work Training and preparing employees. 1 Year Employees and trainers Legal works 3 months Detail Information Marketing of the property 6 Months Skilled staff Booking opening 1 week Internet, Advertisements Hotel opening. The above is a time table for implementation of strategy according to different time period when the each process will take place. It is an explanation of the plan in short manner. Dissemination Process: This process is done before the project development which can be done to get a acceptance from everyone i.e. people from all departments, management and the customers. Before starting a restaurant in one of the Hyatts property, many considerations had to be made. After those considerations, company had to do dissemination on cost cutting. For this dissemination activity is carried out in three steps .Those steps are as follows: Research activities: It includes the research from starting a new project till giving salaries to the employees. Before starting the project, the research on production cost is also done. Technical assistance activities : It is used to identify the technology which helps in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness. Demonstration activities : These all researches are showed to top-management of the company. After analysing the facts by them, the feedback is given. And after that a project is carried ahead. This dissemination policy helps an organization to know the following information before starting the project: Gives rough idea about the funds required for the project The requirement of staff and their training needs can be analysed. Gives scope for the promotion of the project. MONITORING: Once the new strategy is implemented in the organization, then monitoring is very important. The management should regularly take interest in management. The strategy always operates with formulated procedures. Hence it should be regularly monitored to check whether all procedures are properly followed. The operations should always run smoothly as sometime it can affect the reputation of an organization. The continuous monitoring can be done with PCDA cycle. For the success of organization long term monitoring is a good option. It can also be done by the feedback from the customers. The auditing is done constantly at operational levels to check whether all procedure all followed or not, to check the quality of the service, which intern helps in keeping the customers satisfied. EVALUATION OF NEW STRATEGY: The evaluation of the strategy can be done by monitoring. The following points should be considered while evaluating the strategy. Satisfaction of the customers. Number of units sold. Requirement of the market. Products standards and quality Feedback from the suppliers and dealers. After sales procedures Promotion of the new products. If the strategy is evaluated on above mentioned basis, then it helps the organization to know if the company is not right track or not. The evaluation result also helps in motivating the employees. Steak Holders Below mentioned are the stakeholders of Hyatt: Guests / Customers Investors Employees Communities Suppliers Government and regulators Non government organization(NGO) Stakeholders participation: Hyatt strongly believes that the stakeholders participation in developing management strategy is utmost important. If all stakeholders participate together then it helps to maximise the outcome in order to make sustainable project design. Hence Hyatt makes sure that they conduct regular meetings with their stakeholders in order to keep them up to date. Following points are taken into consideration in order to initiate proper participation of stakeholders: Employees: Hyatt listens to and communicates with staff constantly. The main focus is given on collecting feedback from employees through Staff Question Time sessions and through annual Viewpoint survey. Apart from the feedbacks, organization arranges training and development programmes through which an employee will be thorough with organizations goal and aim which will help to get exact contribution from the staff. Guests/Customers: The guests are the biggest asset of the hotel. They indirectly participate by promoting the hotel by word of mouth if the hotel provides them a good service. Hence the hotel staffs communicate with their customers on everyday basis which helps them to know their changing needs. Also feedback request mails are sent to random guests by the Managing Director of the hotel to know their expectations. Investors: Hyatt actively engages investors in an annual structured programme of presentations and meetings to understand their views on strategy. Also, Hyatt provides them with updates and issue briefings when appropriate during the year. They also communicate with shareholders through the Annual General Meeting, Investor Relations website. Communities: Most of the time hotel tries to their neighbour hotels and companies, which in turn builds up good relation. This type is also comes under an external stakeholders which participate indirectly. Suppliers: Hyatt holds regular meetings with their suppliers, processors and manufacturers. They also bring them together to share experiences at the Producer Clubs, and seek their feedback through the annual Viewpoint survey. Hyatt also provide training and capability building for suppliers where appropriate. Government and Regulation: Hyatt connects with governments, parliamentarians, regulators and officials on a range of issues affecting the business and communities. These include planning processes and consultations on new regulations including healthy eating and alcohol. Hyatt works hard to ensure that responses to government consultations are aligned with our CR policies and practices. Non government organisation: Engaging with NGOs helps them better to understand current and emerging issues related to the business. Hyatt met many NGOs to discuss issues including climate change, bio fuels, ethical trading and animal welfare. They also contribute to research and surveys, and respond to requests for information from NGOs as fully and promptly as they can. Hyatt asked NGOs to share their thoughts about Hyatt to help them to improve the performance. Section 5 : Conclusion: This assessment is very helpful for me to know the marketing concept in detail, mainly the principles, planning process, tools and techniques, marketing strategies and marketing mix. And developing the strategy and tools and techniques for a well known organisation is the best learning experience. It is helpful to know how industries and mangers think, how they forecast? How they plan? How they lead market? This assessment is truly a great experience for me to learn marketing concepts in detail. The overall aim of this report was to Study a strategic planning at Hyatt Hotels Corporation In order to attend all aspects of overall aim, initially I did some literature review of strategic planning, tools and techniques use in strategic planning and then it evaluates the facts with Hyatt Hotels Corporations. Although this report has been carried out sincerely and to the best of my ability, there are still some limitation to it. This research explored my theory knowledge of research and marketing. But as I said it was difficult to do the research in depth, due to time barrier.

The Port Phillip Prison

The Port Phillip Prison is under bad management. The prisoners trashed one of the sections of the prison in frustration to the treatment they are getting, the prisoners caused around $100,000 of damage and nearly killed a guard. This came about because of the lack of staff in the prison and bad management, which meant they had to shorten the visitation time. The visits are what keep most prisoners going. The Prison has had five deaths in custody in the last nine weeks. The Government also has is to blame for part of this problem. The Port Phillip Prison is under bad management at the moment. The prison started receiving men in mid September 1997 and in just five months the prison has proven to have very many serious problems. In the past nine weeks there have been five deaths in custody at the prison. In addition to these deaths in custody there have been reports of at least one incident of self harm and/or suicide since the prison opened. The Port Phillip Prison has been built with intergral hanging points in 580 of their cells. Five people have died because of it. Correctional Services Commissioner, John van Gronigan has stated, after the fifth death in custody at Port Phillip, that he is â€Å"satisfied with the prison's management†. The Government is claiming that because Muirhead Cells (strip cells) have no obvious hanging points, thus they have complied with recommendation 165. This is a distortion of the content, intent and nature of recommendation 165. (Recommendation 165 of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody explicitly states that â€Å"Corrective Services authorities should carefully scrutinize equipment or facilities provided at institutions with a view to eliminating and/or reducing the potential for harm. Similarly steps should be taken to screen hanging points in police and prison cells†.) Numerous coroner findings in Victoria, South Australia and Queensland have also recommended the removal of hanging points in both prison and police cells. Yet the Government is claiming that it has implemented recommendation 165. In Port Phillip prison the shower screens provide additional hanging points – it was from the shower screens that two men (George Drinken and Adam Irwin) were found hanging. It is plainly obvious that if the prison was built without the intergral hanging points there would not have been five deaths in the Prison. These people have died at Port Phillip Prison: – 30 October 1997 George Drinken aged 28 years, on remand, was found hanging from the shower fitting in his cell. This was an unnecessary death if they had of build the Prison without the hanging points. – 16 December 1997 Adam Irwin aged 20 years, on remand, was found hanged with an electrical cord from the shower fitting. This also was an unnecessary death. – 4 January 1998 Vienh Chi Tu aged 20 years, on remand died on Sunday afternoon. Believed to have died of an overdose. This death could have been avoided if the guards enforced the rules. – Another two men have died in the prison allegedly of `natural causes'. How can eight staff control Port Phillip prison during the night. Eight staff to monitor and respond to emergencies in a prison with almost six hundred male prisoners consisting of remand, high security, sentenced, intellectually disabled and vulnerable prisoners and protection prisoners. Is this serious? Unfortunately ‘Yes†, furthermore the vast majority of staff have no related experience in corrections. This is just ridiculous. You could say what the prisoners did was stupid but the prisoners had no other way of showing their anger and frustration of the bad conditions they had to face. Group 4 have even contracted a private detective, John Barclay, Cobra Executive Protection, to undertake an â€Å"independent† investigation into the deaths of the first four men to die in custody at Port Phillip. But this is all pointless if they don†t change the management and get rid of the intergral hanging points. The guards who work there are now taking action to get the Prison fixed up and make the place safer for the workers and the prisoners. Group 4 Correction Services will have to do something to fix the problem, or they will have a real bad name about their company. Which will then cause people to think of them as the bad ones when ever something comes up in the media about them. That will cause a lot of problems for the company if they don†t act. In conclusion I have to say that at the moment Port Phillip Prison is under very bad management. Something must be done to stop the amount of deaths in the prison. They must get rid of all the intergral hanging points in the prison to try and stop some of the deaths. They must change their management also. They must crack down on the prisoners using drugs and the people who bring them into the prisoners must be told that NO drugs are allowed. Port Phillip prison is a sham at the moment and it must be fixed.

Bloodlines Chapter One

I couldn't breathe. There was a hand covering my mouth and another shaking my shoulder, startling me out of a heavy sleep. A thousand frantic thoughts dashed through my mind in the space of a single heartbeat. It was happening. My worst nightmare was coming true. They're here! They've come for me! My eyes blinked, staring wildly around the dark room until my father's face came into focus. I stilled my thrashing, thoroughly confused. He let go and stepped back to regard me coldly. I sat up in the bed, my heart still pounding. ‘Dad?' ‘Sydney. You wouldn't wake up.' Naturally, that was his only apology for scaring me to death. ‘You need to get dressed and make yourself presentable,' he continued. ‘Quickly and quietly. Meet me downstairs in the study.' I felt my eyes widen but didn't hesitate with a response. There was only one acceptable answer. ‘Yes, sir. Of course.' ‘I'll go wake your sister.' He turned for the door, and I leapt out of bed. ‘Zoe?' I exclaimed. ‘What do you need her for?' ‘Shh,' he chastised. ‘Hurry up and get ready. And remember – be quiet. Don't wake your mother.' He shut the door without another word, leaving me staring. The panic that had only just subsided began to surge within me again. What did he need Zoe for? A late-night wake-up meant Alchemist business, and she had nothing to do with that. Technically, neither did I anymore, not since I'd been put on indefinite suspension for bad behavior this summer. What if that's what this was about? What if I was finally being taken to a re-education center and Zoe was replacing me? For a moment, the world swam around me, and I caught hold of my bed to steady myself. Re-education centers. They were the stuff of nightmares for young Alchemists like me, mysterious places where those who grew too close to vampires were dragged off to learn the errors of their ways. What exactly went on there was a secret, one I never wanted to find out. I was pretty sure ‘re-education' was a nice way of saying ‘brainwashing.' I'd only ever seen one person who had come back, and honestly, he'd seemed like half a person after that. There'd been an almost zombielike quality to him, and I didn't even want to think about what they might have done to make him that way. My father's urging to hurry up echoed back through my mind, and I tried to shake off my fears. Remembering his other warning, I also made sure I moved silently. My mother was a light sleeper. Normally, it wouldn't matter if she caught us going off on Alchemist errands, but lately, she hadn't been feeling so kindly toward her husband's (and daughter's) employers. Ever since angry Alchemists had deposited me on my parents' doorstep last month, this household had held all the warmth of a prison camp. Terrible arguments had gone down between my parents, and my sister Zoe and I often found ourselves tiptoeing around. Zoe. Why does he need Zoe? The question burned through me as I scurried to get ready. I knew what ‘presentable' meant. Throwing on jeans and a T-shirt was out of the question. Instead, I tugged on gray slacks and a crisp, white button-down shirt. A darker, charcoal gray cardigan went over it, which I cinched neatly at my waist with a black belt. A small gold cross – the one I always wore around my neck – was the only ornamentation I ever bothered with. My hair was a slightly bigger problem. Even after only two hours of sleep, it was already going in every direction. I smoothed it down as best I could and then coated it with a thick layer of hair spray in the hopes that it would get me through whatever was to come. A light dusting of powder was the only makeup I put on. I had no time for anything more. The entire process took me all of six minutes, which might have been a new record for me. I sprinted down the stairs in perfect silence, careful, again, to avoid waking my mother. The living room was dark, but light spilled out past the not-quite-shut door of my father's study. Taking that as an invitation, I pushed the door open and slipped inside. A hushed conversation stopped at my entrance. My father eyed me from head to toe and showed his approval at my appearance in the way he knew best: by simply withholding criticism. ‘Sydney,' he said brusquely. ‘I believe you know Donna Stanton.' The formidable Alchemist stood near the window, arms crossed, looking as tough and lean as I remembered. I'd spent a lot of time with Stanton recently, though I would hardly say we were friends – especially since certain actions of mine had ended up putting the two of us under a sort of ‘vampire house arrest.' If she harbored any resentment toward me, she didn't show it, though. She nodded to me in polite greeting, her face all business. Three other Alchemists were there as well, all men. They were introduced to me as Barnes, Michaelson, and Horowitz. Barnes and Michaelson were my father and Stanton's age. Horowitz was younger, mid-twenties, and was setting up a tattooist's tools. All of them were dressed like me, wearing business casual clothing in nondescript colors. Our goal was always to look nice but not attract notice. The Alchemists had been playing Men in Black for centuries, long before humans dreamed of life on other worlds. When the light hit their faces the right way, each Alchemist displayed a lily tattoo identical to mine. Again, my unease grew. Was this some kind of interrogation? An assessment to see if my decision to help a renegade half-vampire girl meant my loyalties had changed? I crossed my arms over my chest and schooled my face to neutrality, hoping I looked cool and confident. If I still had a chance to plead my case, I intended to present a solid one. Before anyone could utter another word, Zoe entered. She shut the door behind her and peered around in terror, her eyes wide. Our father's study was huge – he'd built an addition on to our house for it – and it easily held all the occupants. But as I watched my sister take in the scene, I knew she felt stifled and trapped. I met her eyes and tried to send a silent message of sympathy. It must have worked because she scurried to my side, looking only fractionally less afraid. ‘Zoe,' said my father. He let her name hang in the air in this way he had, making it clear to both of us that he was disappointed. I could immediately guess why. She wore jeans and an old sweatshirt and had her brown hair in two cute but sloppy braids. By any other person's standards, she would have been ‘presentable' – but not by his. I felt her cower against me, and I tried to make myself taller and more protective. After making sure his condemnation was felt, our father introduced Zoe to the others. Stanton gave her the same polite nod she'd given me and then turned toward my father. ‘I don't understand, Jared,' said Stanton. ‘Which one of them are you going to use?' ‘Well, that's the problem,' my father said. ‘Zoe was requested . . . but I'm not sure she's ready. In fact, I know she isn't. She's only had the most basic of training. But in light of Sydney's recent . . . experiences . . .' My mind immediately began to pull the pieces together. First, and most importantly, it seemed I wasn't going to be sent to a re-education center. Not yet, at least. This was about something else. My earlier suspicion was correct. There was some mission or task afoot, and someone wanted to sub in Zoe because she, unlike certain other members of her family, had no history of betraying the Alchemists. My father was right that she'd only received basic instruction. Our jobs were hereditary, and I had been chosen years ago as the next Alchemist in the Sage family. My older sister, Carly, had been passed over and was now away at college and too old. He'd taught Zoe as backup instead, in the event something happened to me, like a car accident or vampire mauling. I stepped forward, not knowing what I was going to say until I spoke. The only thing I knew for sure was that I could not let Zoe get sucked into the Alchemists' schemes. I feared for her safety more than I did going to a re-education center – and I was pretty afraid of that. ‘I spoke to a committee about my actions after they happened,' I said. ‘I was under the impression that they understood why I did the things I did. I'm fully qualified to serve in whatever way you need – much more so than my sister. I have real-world experience. I know this job inside and out.' ‘A little too much real-world experience, if memory serves,' said Stanton dryly. ‘I for one would like to hear these ‘reasons' again,' said Barnes, using his fingers to make air quotes. ‘I'm not thrilled about tossing a half-trained girl out there, but I also find it hard to believe someone who aided a vampire criminal is ‘fully qualified to serve.† More pretentious air quotes. I smiled back pleasantly, masking my anger. If I showed my true emotions, it wouldn't help my case. ‘I understand, sir. But Rose Hathaway was eventually proven innocent of the crime she'd been accused of. So, I wasn't technically aiding a criminal. My actions eventually helped find the real murderer.' ‘Be that as it may, we – and you – didn't know she was ‘innocent' at the time,' he said. ‘I know,' I said. ‘But I believed she was.' Barnes snorted. ‘And there's the problem. You should've believed what the Alchemists told you, not run off with your own far-fetched theories. At the very least, you should've taken what evidence you'd gathered to your superiors.' Evidence? How could I explain that it wasn't evidence that had driven me to help Rose so much as a feeling in my gut that she was telling the truth? But that was something I knew they'd never understand. All of us were trained to believe the worst of her kind. Telling them that I had seen truth and honesty in her wouldn't help my cause here. Telling them that I'd been blackmailed into helping her by another vampire was an even worse explanation. There was only one argument that the Alchemists might possibly be able to comprehend. ‘I . . . I didn't tell anyone because I wanted to get all the credit for it. I was hoping that if I uncovered it, I could get a promotion and a better assignment.' It took every ounce of self-control I had to say that lie straight-faced. I felt humiliated at making such an admission. As though ambition would really drive me to such extreme behaviors! It made me feel slimy and shallow. But, as I'd suspected, this was something the other Alchemists could understand. Michaelson snorted. ‘Misguided, but not entirely unexpected for her age.' The other men shared equally condescending looks, even my father. Only Stanton looked doubtful, but then, she'd witnessed more of the fiasco than they had. My father glanced among the others, waiting for further comment. When none came, he shrugged. ‘If no one has any objections, then, I'd rather we use Sydney. Not that I even entirely understand what you need her for.' There was a slightly accusing tone in his voice over not having been filled in yet. Jared Sage didn't like to be left out of the loop. ‘I have no problem with using the older girl,' said Barnes. ‘But keep the younger one around until the others get here, in case they have any objections.' I wondered how many ‘others' would be joining us. My father's study was no stadium. Also, the more people who came, the more important this case probably was. My skin grew cold as I wondered what the assignment could possibly be. I'd seen the Alchemists cover up major disasters with only one or two people. How colossal would something have to be to require this much help? Horowitz spoke up for the first time. ‘What do you want me to do?' ‘Re-ink Sydney,' said Stanton decisively. ‘Even if she doesn't go, it won't hurt to have the spells reinforced. No point in inking Zoe until we know what we're doing with her.' My eyes flicked to my sister's noticeably bare – and pale – cheeks. Yes. As long as there was no lily there, she was free. Once the tattoo was emblazoned on your skin, there was no going back. You belonged to the Alchemists. The reality of that had only hit me in the last year or so. I'd certainly never realized it while growing up. My father had dazzled me from a very young age about the rightness of our duty. I still believed in that rightness but wished he'd also mentioned just how much of my life it would consume. Horowitz had set up a folding table on the far side of my father's study. He patted it and gave me a friendly smile. ‘Step right up,' he told me. ‘Get your ticket.' Barnes shot him a disapproving look. ‘Please. You could show a little respect for this ritual, David.' Horowitz merely shrugged. He helped me lie down, and though I was too afraid of the others to openly smile back, I hoped my gratitude showed in my eyes. Another smile from him told me he understood. Turning my head, I watched as Barnes reverently set a black briefcase on a side table. The other Alchemists gathered around and clasped their hands together in front of them. He must be the hierophant, I realized. Most of what the Alchemists did was rooted in science, but a few tasks required divine assistance. After all, our core mission to protect humanity was rooted in the belief that vampires were unnatural and went against God's plan. That's why hierophants – our priests – worked side by side with our scientists. ‘Oh Lord,' he intoned, closing his eyes. ‘Bless these elixirs. Remove the taint of the evil they carry so that their life-giving power shines through purely to us, your servants.' He opened the briefcase and removed four small vials, each filled with dark red liquid. Labels that I couldn't read marked each one. With a steady hand and practiced eye, Barnes poured precise amounts from each vial into a larger bottle. When he'd used all four, he produced a tiny packet of powder that he emptied into the rest of the mix. I felt a tingle in the air, and the bottle's contents turned to gold. He handed the bottle to Horowitz, who stood ready with a needle. Everyone relaxed, the ceremonial part complete. I obediently turned away, exposing my cheek. A moment later, Horowitz's shadow fell over me. ‘This will sting a little, but nothing like when you originally got it. It's just a touch-up,' he explained kindly. ‘I know,' I said. I'd been re-inked before. ‘Thanks.' The needle pricked my skin, and I tried not to wince. It did sting, but like he'd said, Horowitz wasn't creating a new tattoo. He was simply injecting small amounts of the ink into my existing tattoo, recharging its power. I took this as a good sign. Zoe might not be out of danger yet, but surely they wouldn't go to the trouble of re-inking me if they were just going to send me to a re-education center. ‘Can you brief us on what's happening while we're waiting?' asked my father. ‘All I was told was that you needed a teen girl.' The way he said ‘teen girl' made it sound like a disposable role. I fought back a wave of anger at my father. That's all we were to him. ‘We have a situation,' I heard Stanton say. Finally, I'd get some answers. ‘With the Moroi.' I breathed a small sigh of relief. Better them than the Strigoi. Any ‘situation' the Alchemists faced always involved one of the vampire races, and I'd take the living, non-killing ones any day. They almost seemed human at times (though I'd never tell anyone here that) and lived and died like we did. Strigoi, however, were twisted freaks of nature. They were undead, murderous vampires created either when a Strigoi forcibly made a victim drink its blood or when a Moroi purposely took the life of another through blood drinking. A situation with the Strigoi usually ended with someone dead. All sorts of possible scenarios played through my mind as I considered what issue had prompted action from the Alchemists tonight: a human who had noticed someone with fangs, a feeder who had escaped and gone public, a Moroi treated by human doctors. . . . Those were the kinds of problems we Alchemists faced the most, ones I had been trained to handle and cover up with ease. Why they would need ‘a teenage girl' for any of those, however, was a mystery. ‘You know that they elected their girl queen last month,' said Barnes. I could practically see him rolling his eyes. Everyone in the room murmured affirmatively. Of course they knew about that. The Alchemists paid careful attention to the political goings-on of the Moroi. Knowing what vampires were doing was crucial to keeping them secret from the rest of humanity – and keeping the rest of humanity safe from them. That was our purpose, to protect our brethren. Know thy enemy was taken very seriously with us. The girl the Moroi had elected queen, Vasilisa Dragomir, was eighteen, just like me. ‘Don't tense,' said Horowitz gently. I hadn't realized I had been. I tried to relax, but thinking of Vasilisa Dragomir made me think of Rose Hathaway. Uneasily, I wondered if maybe I shouldn't have been so quick to assume I was out of trouble here. Mercifully, Barnes simply kept going with the story, not mentioning my indirect connection to the girl queen and her associates. ‘Well, as shocking as that is to us, it's been just as shocking to some of their own people. There's been a lot of protests and dissidence. No one's tried to attack the Dragomir girl, but that's probably because she's so well guarded. Her enemies, it seems, have therefore found a work-around: her sister.' ‘Jill,' I said, speaking before I could stop myself. Horowitz tsked me for moving, and I immediately regretted drawing attention to myself and my knowledge of the Moroi. Nevertheless, an image of Jillian Mastrano flashed into my mind, tall and annoyingly slim like all Moroi, with big, pale green eyes that always seemed nervous. And she had good reason to be. At fifteen, Jill had discovered she was Vasilisa's illegitimate sister, making her the only other member of their royal family's line. She too was tied to the mess I'd gotten myself into this summer. ‘You know their laws,' continued Stanton, after a moment of awkward silence. Her tone conveyed what we all thought of Moroi laws. An elected monarch? It made no sense, but what else could one expect from unnatural beings like vampires? ‘And Vasilisa must have one family member in order to hold her throne. Therefore, her enemies have decided if they can't directly remove her, they'll remove her family.' A chill ran down my spine at the unspoken meaning, and I again commented without thinking. ‘Did something happen to Jill?' This time, I'd at least chosen a moment when Horowitz was refilling his needle, so there was no danger of messing up the tattoo. I bit my lip to prevent myself from saying anything else, imagining the chastisement in my father's eyes. Showing concern for a Moroi was the last thing I wanted to do, considering my uncertain status. I didn't have any strong attachment to Jill, but the thought of someone trying to kill a fifteen-year-old girl – the same age as Zoe – was appalling, no matter what race she belonged to. ‘That's what's unclear,' Stanton mused. ‘She was attacked, we know that much, but we can't tell if she received any real injury. Regardless, she's fine now, but the attempt happened at their own Court, indicating they have traitors at high levels.' Barnes snorted in disgust. ‘What can you expect? How their ridiculous race has managed to survive as long as they have without turning on each other is beyond me.' There were mutters of agreement. ‘Ridiculous or not, though, we cannot have them in civil war,' said Stanton. ‘Some Moroi have acted out in protest, enough that they've caught the attention of human media. We can't allow that. We need their government stable, and that means ensuring this girl's safety. Maybe they can't trust themselves, but they can trust us.' There was no use in my pointing out that the Moroi didn't really trust the Alchemists. But, since we had no interest in killing off the Moroi monarch or her family, I supposed that made us more trustworthy than some. ‘We need to make the girl disappear,' said Michaelson. ‘At least until the Moroi can undo the law that makes Vasilisa's throne so precarious. Hiding Mastrano with her own people isn't safe at the moment, so we need to conceal her among humans.' Disdain dripped from his words. ‘But it's imperative she also remains concealed from humans. Our race cannot know theirs exists.' ‘After consultation with the guardians, we've chosen a location we all believe will be safe for her – both from Moroi and Strigoi,' said Stanton. ‘However, to make sure she – and those with her – remain undetected, we're going to need Alchemists on hand, dedicated solely to her needs in case any complications come up.' My father scoffed. ‘That's a waste of our resources. Not to mention unbearable for whoever has to stay with her.' I had a bad feeling about what was coming. ‘This is where Sydney comes in,' said Stanton. ‘We'd like her to be one of the Alchemists that accompanies Jillian into hiding.' ‘What?' exclaimed my father. ‘You can't be serious.' ‘Why not?' Stanton's tone was calm and level. ‘They're close in age, so being together won't raise suspicion. And Sydney already knows the girl. Surely spending time with her won't be as ‘unbearable' as it might be for other Alchemists.' The subtext was loud and clear. I wasn't free of my past, not yet. Horowitz paused and lifted the needle, allowing me the chance to speak. My mind raced. Some response was expected. I didn't want to sound too upset by the plan. I needed to restore my good name among the Alchemists and show my willingness to follow orders. That being said, I also didn't want to sound as though I were too comfortable with vampires or their half-human counterparts, the dhampirs. ‘Spending time with any of them is never fun,' I said carefully, keeping my voice cool and haughty. ‘Doesn't matter how much you do it. But I'll do whatever's necessary to keep us – and everyone else – safe.' I didn't need to explain that ‘everyone' meant humans. ‘There, you see, Jared?' Barnes sounded pleased with the answer. ‘The girl knows her duty. We've made a number of arrangements already that should make things run smoothly, and we certainly wouldn't send her there alone – especially since the Moroi girl won't be alone either.' ‘What do you mean?' My father still didn't sound happy about any of this, and I wondered what was upsetting him the most. Did he truly think I might be in danger? Or was he simply worried that spending more time with the Moroi would turn my loyalties even more? ‘How many of them are coming?' ‘They're sending a dhampir,' said Michaelson. ‘One of their guardians, which I really don't have a problem with. The location we've chosen should be Strigoi free, but if it's not, better they fight those monsters than us.' The guardians were specially trained dhampirs who served as bodyguards. ‘There you are,' Horowitz told me, stepping back. ‘You can sit up.' I obeyed and resisted the urge to touch my cheek. The only thing I felt from his work was the needle's sting, but I knew powerful magic was working its way through me, magic that would give me a superhuman immune system and prevent me from speaking about vampire affairs to ordinary humans. I tried not to think about the other part, about where that magic came from. The tattoos were a necessary evil. The others were still standing, not paying attention to me – well, except for Zoe. She still looked confused and afraid and kept glancing anxiously my way. ‘There also may be another Moroi coming along,' continued Stanton. ‘Honestly, I'm not sure why, but they were very insistent he be with Mastrano. We told them the fewer of them we had to hide, the better, but . . . well, they seemed to think it was necessary and said they'd make arrangements for him there. I think he's some Ivashkov. Irrelevant.' ‘Where is there?' asked my father. ‘Where do you want to send her?' Excellent question. I'd been wondering the same thing. My first full-time job with the Alchemists had sent me halfway around the world, to Russia. If the Alchemists were intent on hiding Jill, there was no telling what remote location they'd send her to. For a moment, I dared to hope we might end up in my dream city: Rome. Legendary works of art and Italian food seemed like a good way to offset paperwork and vampires. ‘Palm Springs,' said Barnes. ‘Palm Springs?' I echoed. That was not what I'd been expecting. When I thought of Palm Springs, I thought of movie stars and golf courses. Not exactly a Roman holiday, but not the Arctic either. A small, wry smile tugged at Stanton's lips. ‘It's in the desert and receives a lot of sunlight. Completely undesirable for Strigoi.' ‘Wouldn't it be undesirable for Moroi too?' I asked, thinking ahead. Moroi didn't incinerate in the sun like Strigoi, but excessive exposure to it still made Moroi weak and sick. ‘Well, yes,' admitted Stanton. ‘But a little discomfort is worth the safety it provides. So long as the Moroi spend most of their time inside, it won't be a problem. Plus, it'll discourage other Moroi from coming and – ‘ The sound of a car door opening and slamming outside the window caught everyone's attention. ‘Ah,' said Michaelson. ‘There are the others. I'll let them in.' He slipped out of the study and presumably headed toward the front door to admit whoever had arrived. Moments later, I heard a new voice speaking as Michaelson returned to us. ‘Well, Dad couldn't make it, so he just sent me,' the new voice was saying. The study door opened, and my heart stopped. No, I thought. Anyone but him. ‘Jared,' said the newcomer, catching sight of my father. ‘Great to see you again.' My father, who had barely spared me a glance all night, actually smiled. ‘Keith! I'd been wondering how you've been.' The two of them shook hands, and a wave of disgust rolled through me. ‘This is Keith Darnell,' said Michaelson, introducing him to the others. ‘Tom Darnell's son?' asked Barnes, impressed. Tom Darnell was a legendary leader among the Alchemists. ‘The same,' said Keith cheerfully. He was about five years older than me, with blond hair a shade lighter than mine. I knew a lot of girls thought he was attractive. Me? I found him vile. He was pretty much the last person I'd expected to see here. ‘And I believe you know the Sage sisters,' added Michaelson. Keith turned his blue eyes first to Zoe, eyes that were just fractionally different from each other in color. One eye, made of glass, stared blankly ahead and didn't move at all. The other one winked at her as his grin widened. He can still wink, I thought furiously. That annoying, stupid, condescending wink! But then, why wouldn't he? We'd all heard about the accident he'd had this year, an accident that had cost him an eye. He'd still survived with one good one, but somehow, in my mind, I'd thought the loss of an eye would stop that infuriating winking. ‘Little Zoe! Look at you, all grown up,' he said fondly. I'm not a violent person, not by any means, but I suddenly wanted to hit him for looking at my sister that way. She managed a smile for him, clearly relieved to see a familiar face here. When Keith turned toward me, however, all that charm and friendliness vanished. The feeling was mutual. The burning, black hatred building up inside of me was so overwhelming that it took me a moment to formulate any sort of response. ‘Hello, Keith,' I said stiffly. Keith didn't even attempt to match my forced civility. He immediately turned toward the senior Alchemists. ‘What is she doing here?' ‘We know you requested Zoe,' said Stanton levelly, ‘but after consideration, we decided it would be best if Sydney fulfill this role. Her experience dwarfs any concerns about her past actions.' ‘No,' said Keith swiftly, turning that steely blue gaze back on me. ‘There is no way she can come, no way I'm trusting some twisted vamp lover to screw this up for all of us. We're taking her sister.'