Critically evaluate the extent to which Frederick W Taylor's notion of Essay

Critically evaluate the extent to which Frederick W Taylors notion of Scientific Management has had a lasting impact on management thinking and practice with - Essay ExampleTaylorism is an amusing and proficient way to describe a sort of ruthless and quasi-Victorian efficiency that melds man with machine, often to mans disadvantage. However, Taylor did not doom it to be this way. He developed scientific management with good intentions to lighten the load of manual workers. Taylor overly wishes to minimize waste in time, energy and abilities of worker as well as assuage poverty. just if his rigid methods fall into the hands of a brutal employer the results are often not to be desire and are contradictory to what his real intentions are. Thus the word Taylorism was born (Scientific Management 2008).In Taylor (2004, pp.3-4) own voice communication The art of management has been defined as knowing exactly what you want men to do and thusly seeing that they do it in the best and ch eapest way also, the principal object of management should be to touch on the maximum prosperity for the employer coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee. He adds that scientific management has for its actually foundation the firm conviction that the true interests of the two are one of the same that prosperity for the employer cannot subsist through a long term of years unless it is accompanied by prosperity for the employee, and vice versa and that it is possible to give the worker what he most wants high honorarium and the employer what he wants a low churn cost for his manufactures.Taking this definition the original objective of Taylor with scientific management is to benefit not simply the employer but the employee as well. From his book it is clear that he view both the employee and employer as two entities that occupy to work hand in hand to be able to achieve the main goal of profiting from the business. non only that but also need each other to a ccomplish their individual goals of high wages and low cost of production. Whether his principles were used properly or erroneously his impact in management were long-lasting. Since ideals

Performance Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Performance Management - Coursework ExampleVarious situations have been considered while making the research and a suggestive appraisal form has been framed for implementing in the company. The paper has distinctively deuce parts. The first part deals with a theoretical review of handle appraisal and the second part deals with co-occurrence of the theories with the hardheaded implications and its effects. The design of the suggested performance appraisal form has been explained in brief. Table of Contents Executive compendious 2 Part 1 Critical Academic Discussion 6 Performance Management system A Theoretical Overview 6 360 Degree idea Method 8 The Way 360 Degree Appraisal Differs from the Other Appraisal Systems 9 Advantages of 360 Degree Appraisal 10 Disadvantages of 360 Degree Appraisal Method 11 A Successful 360 Degree Appraisal 12 Part 2 Client Report 13 About the Company 13 Importance of Performance Management in health care Industry 14 Prerequisites of Performance Ma nagement System in Healthcare Sector 15 Performance Management for Bromley Healthcare 16 Conclusion 21 SelfLearning Analysis 22 References 23 Bibliography 26 supplement 27 Introduction Performance is completion of assigned task that is measured against the set standards of perfection and cost. A good performance is the one that meets the set standards and caters to a cost effective completion of the task. In place setting of an organisation, where an employer employee relationship exists, the performances of the employees are constantly monitored to ensure a timely completion of the tasks which can result in overall success related to the business unit (Pulakos, 2004). Performance concern typically relates to the development of clement resource of an organisation by appraisal of their performance. The performance management system can be termed as Achilles heel of the whole human resource system. The employees employed in an organization need to be instruct about the objective s of the enterprise and an alignment to these objectives on the part of the employees would lead to achievement of the overall success of the company. writ of execution of performance management system helps to measure the achievement of organizational strategy (Pulakos, 2004). Elaborately, a performance management system may be defined as a continuous process identifying the performances of the employees, measuring these performances exploitation various methods and tools, developing the downsides of individual performance and finally aligning the same with the organizations strategical goals (Health Service Executive, n.d.). Performance appraisal is the activity catering to the formation of performance management system as a whole. There are various performance appraisal systems available globally to measure the performance of any individual. A performance management system considers the various strategic planning initiatives of the organization, it follows an ongoing feedback process in order to facilitate the employees develop their performance and the whole process is driven by the border managers of the company (Health Service Executive, n.d.). Among the various methods available for appraising the performance of individuals, this paper intends to shed some vague on the 360 degree performance appraisal method and its implications within an organization named Bromley Healthcare on practical basis. Part2 of this paper deals with the implementation of the 360 degree appraisal method, for all

Contract Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Law - Case Study ensampleIf Y misrepresents an offer to Z, it is a specific offer and Z is the only person who can yield it. But in many cases, it is immaterial to whom the offer is made. Offers made by advertisement are the commonest general anatomy of offers made to the world at large, and can be accepted by anyone by acting on them. 2For this case, Igor made an offer through advertisement and it was to be accepted by anyone who acted on the advertisement. jonquil acting on the advertisement accepted the offer through the post in an betrothal earn he wrote on January 29th. The advertisement said that anyone accepting to the offer must reply to the Ritz Hotel in capital of the United Kingdom by February 1st.A contract had already been entered into between Igor and Jonquil immediately a letter of acceptance was posted. It is immaterial that Igor sold the guitar since he had not received any acceptance from Jonquil. The acceptance is considered complete immediately the letter of acceptance is posted, even if it is preoccupied or destroyed in the post so that it neer arrived. As long as the offeree can prove that he posted the letter of acceptance, the court go out enforce the contract.b) Ali had made a contract between him and Blessing Builders for a fixed price of 5,000 nevertheless when the repair of the kitchen was half way finished Ali added them a further 700 since he heard the they were likely to unconstraint the work since they had under priced the job. It is immaterial for Ali to fail to pay them the extra 700 he had added them just because he lost money on the strain market. The extra 700 he added to encourage them to complete the repair of thekitchen had not been committed to any condition that failure of not making enough money on the stock market, would make him not pay them the extra amount. For this case, Blessing Builders should be paid their promise of an extra 700 since it was not committed to any condition. It is immateria l that he is failing to pay them since he made losses on the stock market. For this case, Blessing Builders may sue Ali for damages. Ali should not withhold the extra 700 he promised to give Blessing Builders upon shutdown of repairing the kitchen. 4c) On the case where Neil was advised by his uncle to leave Manchester where he worked as an insurance salesclerk to undertake a dentist course as he give him monthly allowances, the uncle should be sued for ravish of contract. Neil enjoyed a full social life in Manchester as he worked as an insurance clerk. His uncle break up his social life by advising him to take a dentist course in London as he promised to give him monthly allowances while studying. For this case, there was an intention to create

THE MULTI-FACETED ROLE OF THE TEACHER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

THE MULTI-FACETED ROLE OF THE TEACHER - Essay ExampleAll countries are on the aforesaid(prenominal) ride in terms of increasing the quality of education in their respective countries. In this regard, the countries engage frozen aside programs that augment the current educational background or expertise of the teachers.Specifically, the findings of both(prenominal) the McNair Report of 1944 and the jam Committee of Enquiry in 1971 have focused on the improvement of the U.K. educational institutions. The two query findings indicate that the organizations priority is the recruitment of new teachers and the retention of currently hired teachers. Likewise, both reports show that the establishments thrust is on the educational training of current as well as future teachers. However, the training of currently teachers has been placed on the backseat of car known as education. Further, the word clearly shows that the government and the educational organizations must focus on impro vement of the teaching quality because the students are the hope of the nation. The same article clearly shows that the government should join in the plan to give the current and prospective teacher the best quality education training. The training will ensure that the child will grow up to be astute and law abiding contributors to the education (Machin 2005). The article clearly shows the reality that the teacher should be trained make a difference in the growing childs enthusiastic understanding to learn the days lessons on how to survive the complex world outside the four walls of the classroom.The article also shows that the U.K. governments role in the education process is to encourage the system where the teachers have a successful interaction with the students. In this regard, the government continues to help in the building and upgrading of school buildings and premises. Likewise, the governments focus is to be

Identify the key reasons for privatisation of public utilities or Essay - 1

Identify the key reasons for privatisation of public utilities or institutions and argue the likely effects in Australia - Essay Exampleo gradually privatise a massive number of its public utilities particularly within the three sectors known as the (1) financial serve (2) electrical energy and gas and (3) transport and communication (Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin, 1997, p. 7). Basically, there is absolutely nothing wrong with privatising public enterprises particularly when there is a strong need for the government to come up with large amount of notes to finance the development of public infrastructure or given that the government is no longer fitting of properly managing a business enterprise. However, it is also possible for the entire society to experience economic and mixer problems given that the selling of public utility to the hands of the private sector heavily involves infrastructure (Strachan, 1998).To enable the readers to have a better understanding why the Australian Government heavily relied on privatisation stomach in the 1990s, the key reasons shag the privatisation of public utilities in Australia will be thoroughly discussed. In the butt of going through the main discussion, the possible consequences or effects of implementing the privatisation of public utilities in Australia will be tackled followed by demonstrating real-life examples to support the students point-of-view. As part of the conclusion, whether or not the key reasons behind the privatisation of public utilities in Australia can be considered as a good political strategy in terms of being able to provide the general public with affordable and good pure tone services will be justified.For many years, Australians had become very dependent on the Australian government when it comes to the speech communication of good quality public services. As part of considering the social welfare of the general public, the government had to deteriorate a large sum of money to improve the public utility services without overcharging the people with the quality services they receive. Partly because of globalization and the limited amount of

The Taboo of Human Sexuality in the African American Christian Dissertation

The Taboo of Human Sexuality in the African American Christian Community - Dissertation ExampleThe assumption that the African American frame is derived of purposed loftiness is an argument that has been challenged by years of social evolution and individual interpretations of religious scriptures. Making the connection to the animal(prenominal) body and to the body of Christ, in the black community, is a step forward in securing positive conceive towards black grammatical gender though this connection to theological ideals is often challenged even within the African American culture.So, from where are the assumptions of unifying sexuality and divinity? Outside of the cultural expectations of sexuality lies the affirmation of the physical body as a gift from graven image, offered in the text of the Christian Bible. In the very beginning of the Bible, God clearly states the purpose of human sexuality. It was his deliberate, considered choice to make us complete with sex organs and equipped for sexual intercourse. However, historical symbolism and deviations from solid Christian philosophy created negative connotations of the African American community as Christian literatureseparated white from black as a distinction among good and evil. The depiction of the devil as The Black Oneand the typological blackening of those believers (as) influenced by evil throttle the tone for the cultural view of blacks as a representation of anti-religion.Moral implications of outspoken human sexuality formulate the idea that sexuality is a taboo subject, resultant of misconceptions, scriptural misinterpretations, and the historical determination in the dominant white cultures view that the African American is a lesser entity.

Tainted Love Composed by Ed Cobb Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tainted discern Composed by Ed Cobb - turn up ExampleTainted Love was composed by Ed Cobb, a callwriter and originally record by Gloria Jones, a soul singer, in 1965. However, the song emerged a mainstream hit in 1981 performed by aristocratical kiosk duo, Marc Almond and David Ball as a cover song. Almond and David Ball, the core of the Soft cell band, left their mark on the generation that lives today. Both Almond and Ball came from Leeds, U.K and had a mundane euphony career. They had redundant failures, which made their recording company to give them one last chance to make a hit. They utilize this last chance to make the song Tainted Love not feeling blood-red when recording it. Every radio station in the United Kingdom was awash with the song. Soft cadres magnetic declination hit the top of the U.Ks single charts and maneuvered its way to Top 40 in the United States a year later, peaking at position 8.Tainted Love by Soft Cell was synth-driven and danceable. Enriched with Marc Almonds vocals alternating torched and sleazy, it is agreeable that this was one of the epic songs of its time. They went ahead to set a Guinness macrocosm Record for the longest consecutive stay on the U.S Billboard Hot 100 chart. Compared with the original version done by Gloria, Soft Cells version portrayed a darker edge. In nastiness of the fact that the band had it as a cover song for their album, their synth-pop approach made the song estimable more original. Soft Cell virtually owned the song. Soft Cells Tainted Love is my favorite ballad especially because of the jocular manner in which the singer says he wants to run international because he has endured a lot. The song is indeed heart-rending and makes one feel like true love neer exist.Different people can have a varying interpretation of a song. According to me, the song Tainted Love is about unconsummated love.

Disaster Recover Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster withhold Plan - Assignment ExampleThis is usually composed of representatives from all departments in the giving medication with specific expertness relating to the departments they represent.In case there is need to transport certain records or equipment to a different location, the window pane team lead facilitate this process. For example, in case of a natural disaster such as a flood, key equipment and documents need to be moved to a secure location. This team may withal help in the movement of staff and the team members when necessary, especially for large organizations.The logistical officer ordain be in charge of all the supplies used in the retrieval process. In case of impertinent support, the logistical officer should make arrangements to get the support and keep all records and agreements intact.This group of people will be responsible for ensuring that the safety of personnel and equipment is guaranteed. During a disaster, it is likely that the entire orga nization might be exposed to greater security and safety risks.The second step is to identify the key assets within the organization and the impact of individually asset. This will help the disaster recovery team look the value of each asset to the organization and the strategies to be used in protecting that asset. In addition, this step allows the organization understand the major threats against the business assets identified. Some of these threats include terrorism, hardware failure, cyber attacks and theft among others.The implementation of the recovery plan begins during the activating planning. This process is carried out by the recovery team or part of the team. This step helps in lean those systems that need to be restored, give the time estimates required for each system to be restored and give a clear communication plan between the recovery team members or groups.During this phase, all the staff members and recovery teams have been notified. The execution phase is

Historiography and History Research Methods Essay

Historiography and History Research Methods - Essay fontThe 20th century saw historians place less(prenominal) attention on narratives of epic nationalists and focus more(prenominal) on the complex and more objective study of intellectual and social forces. History was treated less resembling an art and regarded more as a social science, though there were however what ever historians who felt otherwise. Several other ways of studying history have since come up ever since with Postmodernists in the recent times questioning the need to study history on the basis of person-to-person interpretation of sources. This paper is aimed at providing a historiographical analysis of the Berlin war.The Berlin wall attracted numerous different views from historians, depending on whether they viewed it from the westbounds of Easts perspective. Both sides though, seemed to be at first seeking reasons to justify its pull before finally agreeing that the wall is a barrier (Ladd, 1998). The view of those supporting the East, according to Marxist theories, was that the working class was using the wall as a defence against the influential bourgeoisie.Particularly, the East felt threatened by fascism which they saw as against socialist progress as noted by Beattie (2008). They seemed to imply that the neighbouring West Germany still possessed close to Nazism. The West however, termed the wall shameful for the way it restricted movement between the dickens sides. Historians supporting the West, of course, differed with this view. According to them, the wall came up due to the two systems historical discrepancy. They have, in many instances, viewed the period of the walls existence as totalitarian. Liberal historians, like the Marxists, however inform the war to have been a progressive development.From the East Germans point of view, the wall was some sort of a political embarrassment and a place to be avoided but the Western powers like Britain, US and West Germany held a different view about the wall. If fact, the

Fast food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fast aliment - Research Paper ExampleThey are usually served in incase form that is ready to be taken and brought out of the store, which is also known as takeout or takeaway. Fast food have gone a long way, since their start and rise to popularity in the other(a) 1900s. According to the article entitled the History of Fast Food written by Tracy Wilson in tender loving care Cooking, their beginning goes a long way back since the time of the ancient Greek and Romans, as strong as the people from the Middle East, India and in East Asia, which was usually served and provided to travelers and traders as well as the local anesthetic people in the towns and villages. All over the ancient world, the lush food industry was just beginning. In Wikipedia, it can be observed that in the pre-modern city of Rome, there were several stands that sold various types of scrawl and wine to the local people. At the same time, in the East Asian parts of the world much(prenominal) as in China, Japan and Korea, there were shops and small stores that sold noodles. India also had fast food equal eating places and shops, which sold a lot of the Indian favorites such as Vada pav, a popular vegetarian dish that is bland eaten widely, panipuri, a bite size crisp dipped in sauce and dahi vada, a yogurt give care dish. Other parts of Europe also started serving these types of food that were served quickly such as in France and London. As the popularity of fast food started to rise in the eighteenth century, the drives in restaurants were introduced after the First area War. Based on the article from TLC Cooking, the first beefburger chain was not created until the early 90s when the really first meat grinder was invented to make burgers. White fort, which is considered to be the second fast food restaurant and the real first hamburger chain, was first created in 1921 in the United States of America. However, at that time, people judgement of fast food as street dishes that wer e dirty and of low quality so the creators and the founders of White Castle came up with different ways in order to change the mindset and the thinking of the people at that time. They changed the way the restaurant prepared and served their food, by making the preparation process of the different fast food dishes such as burgers seen by the customers themselves. This was to show how the food was being prepared and cooked for the different people who bought from their place. In addition to that, they painted the whole building white and even chose a name that would suggest cleanliness. Since the hamburger was White Castles main dish to serve, it became more and more popular in just about parts of America, particularly in the Midwest and the East. After this breakthrough of the fast food industry, McDonalds, a very popular and famous fast food restaurant today, was created two decades later, in 1948. After this, more fast food irons that are widely known and loved today, also made their first opening. few of these fast food restaurants that began their business in serving fast food dishes were Taco Bell, Wendys and Burger King. From thusly on, fast food became increasingly popular throughout the country and then, after making several branches global including Europe, Asia and the rest of the world, the popularity skyrocketed and the industry made hundreds of billions, attracting teenagers and adults, but most especially to kids and little children. These fast food chains such as

Confidence Interval of Proportions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Confidence Interval of Proportions - Assignment shell1)Have you completed the weekly reading assignment? Yes I have. 2)For the first problem, what is the Margin, and what argon the lower and focal ratio confidence limits? The margin of error is 0.0568 and the confidence detachment is between .2933 and .4067 or exclusively (29.33% to 40.67%). 3)For the second problem, what is the Margin, and what are the lower and upper confidence limits? The margin of error is 0.03624 and the confidence detachment is between .286 and .3585 or simply (28.6% to 35.85%). 4)For the third problem, what is the required sample size? The required sample size is 545. 5)Does the confidence interval auspicate vary from sample to sample? Yes it does. A large sample size improves the precision of the confidence interval (Rumsey, 2005). This is because large sample size results to smaller standard errors meaning that the confidence interval will be narrower and clear-cut .As such, the choice of the sample si ze influences the confidence interval to use. 6)What percentage of all confidence interval estimates contains the true population parameter? The percentage will depend on the confidence level from the given over problem or the significance level (alpha) that the researcher has decided to use.

Corporate Social Responsibility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Social function - Research Paper ExampleAs an international franchise, this is an opportunity to participate in counseling and such-like initiatives that allow for help to alleviate this drug ab wont menace. First and foremost, as for a franchise in the hotel industry, the relevancy of drug abuse is rife and the implications are severe. When the y give awayh abuse drugs, insecurity, crimes and vandalism are the likeliest results of their actions with hotels (ICAP, 2004). As a hotel with such highly recognized international standards, the benefits of dealing with the menace volition be immense. The youth depart be rehabilitated while the company will help to make the locality a safe harbour for its visitors. It will also provide a contingency for guests to invest in the area thereby providing a great leverage for raising the standards of living of the local people (Benabou and Tirole, 2010). The youth will engage in meaningful social and economic activities, hence ass uring the industry of its continuity. This is a low-cost initiative, given the benefits expect at the end of it all. Given that most of the Marriot employees are from within the locality, the initiative has a high chance of success. The employees will lead the initiative while directing the management team to areas with the greatest need for resources and change attention. This will also act as a way of recognizing the employees efforts, hence maintaining loyalty within the workforce. Therefore, little notes will be used to contract people to take part in the completely process. The company will save money that could have been used for advertisements since the employees will act as the advertisers in the locality (Benabou and Tirole, 2010). Once its kicks off, the project will require lesser monetary contributions from the company. This is so because the number of sponsors is judge to increase and support this noble cause. The youth will also have their initiatives from which t hey will gain money and sustain themselves. The implementation will be as follows. Employees from the locality will be given a chance to map out the areas that require the companys intervention. After the areas have been identified, the neediest of them all will be picked as the first to receive assistance (Thompson, 2005). This will act as the stepping stone to all other areas since the success or failure of the first initiative will determine the approaches used to admit the remaining ones, and thus mapping the initiatives success path. The hotel will then include the be of hiring the counseling personnel to train the works on how to go about this issue and what factors to look out for when seeking to help individuals affected by drug abuse. This is crucial as it increases awareness and allows each to use their skills and any prior information to ensure the initiative succeeds (ICAP, 2004). The creation of rehabilitation centers is also important as a way of ensuring that those young people who wish to get help can have a place where they can run to without being judged or mistreated. To ensure the company benefits from this initiative, there are several(prenominal) aspects that need to be done from the initial stages. The employees must first be brought on board for to the full participation to be accorded. Those who will be at work will also

Toyota vs GM( situation during the crisis 2008) Research Paper

Toyota vs GM( situation during the crisis 2008) - Research write up ExampleThe motor vehicle industry in the US was particularly hard hit by the economic meltdown to an extent that some automobile giants had to be bailed out financially to rescue them. purge if Toyotas carrying into action was also affected by the economic crunch, the relative better performance against universal Motorss was contributed by Toyotas manufacturing policy adopted at the company level. Popularly known as the Toyota Production System (TPS), the workforce is motivated to work and contribute actively to the maximization of output and innovation. at that place is a good tradition at the Toyota production plants concerning industrial elations characterized by the harmonious management of the same. Toyota has been equal to successfully handle the pressure of exerted by radical unions and facilitated favorable enterprise unions.According to Bunkley and Vlasic (1), the motor vehicle industrys performance i n 2008 was the worst since 1993 as under a million units single were sold in the US alone. Perhaps, this explains why the general Motorss performance declined. Toyotas performance went down by twenty four per cent while General Motorss sales decline was by nearly sixteen percent in 2008. General Motorss flop translated to losses amounting to over fifteen one thousand thousand US$ while Toyotas loss was about a third of General Motorss failure. The performance dwindling at Toyota was the worst drop in the last two decades, and losses the worst in its entire 72 years of existence, even if it was relatively a better performance than that achieved by General MotorsThe differential performance by the two motor vehicle companies can be said to be largely as a result of forces beyond management control. Global economic performance was the major(ip) factor that poor sales in the motor industry can be attributed to (Wad, 9). At the pile management level, there was little intervention tha t could have been adopted

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Research Paper ExampleThird, one consistent finding on make of video games on young children and teenagers suggests that young children, as opposed to adults tend to exhibit truculent and violent behavior after playing or watching violent video games (Gimplel 26).Mark Griffiths of Nottingham Trent University argues that dissension surrounds studies and researches on effects of violent video games (TSO 19). Concerning whether exposure to violent video games is a significant peril factor for children and adults, this story examines four types of converging evidence concerning the games impact. They are laboratory experiments, cross-sectional correlation studies, longitudinal studies and field experiments. These four converging evidences continue to renew interests on this field from public policy makers, oecumenic public and researchers. Furthermore, they categorically indicate the variables which are present in video games which lead to violent behavior.This paper acknowledges t hat the role played by these games is like a double edged sword, with one edge pitch educational benefits, for instance video games with excellent teaching tools for motivation and learning steps, and the other edge hazardous, specially with the arrival of 3D games promoted by advancement in technology (Mahood 38). These effects are attributed to the fact that thoughts capture an individual behavior. Consequently, violent video games brings about aggressive thoughts, arousing physiological need for aggressive behavior, and directing hint to decreased social behavior such as caring and helping.Schroeder 2006, Suggests that studies give birth yieldedno significant results on effects of violent video games, supporting his arguments by the fact that studies of smoking and it cause on lung cancer have yielded no results. However, taking into account various empirical studies of smoking and it causes

Euthanasia - A Kantian Perspective Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Euthanasia - A Kantian Perspective - Term Paper ExampleThe world is divided up over the moralistic issues involved in taking the life of a person. Some people analyse no moral violations in allowing mercy killing whereas some others especially the believers in religion and idol argue that only the creator has the right to take the life back of his creations. This paper briefly analyses the moral issues involved in euthanasia with the help of Kantian perspectives or moral theories of life.According to Kant, suicide was an motion that violates moral responsibility. He believed that the proper end of lucid beings requires self-preservation, and that suicide would, therefore, be inconsistent with the fundamental cheer of clement life. Nobody has so far succeeded in creating an artificial life in a testing ground set up even though science and technology advanced a lot. The above concomitant itself clearly shows the value and preciousness associated with life. Kant believed that humans have the duty or the mission of managing his resources in the strong-arm world and he has no right to intrude into the looking atual world. Nobody knows from where we come and where we go later death. But anybody knows that only the physical body will be destroyed after death whereas the spirit/soul which drives the human body may not have an end even after death. Kant believed that human being has a special place in the creations of god and hence morality is the core of every action or duty performed by a human being. Since man cannot have absolute hostage in what is going to happen in the next moment, it is his mission to do his duty and dont bother about the outcomes. In other words, the man comes to this earth for a temporary assignment and he is not sure about his mission in the past, present and in future. According to Kant, every rational being exists as an end in himself and not merely as a means to be arbitrarily used by this or that will.

Childhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

childishness Obesity EssayWhat is making the succeeding(a) contemporaries ample? Just a decade or so ago the debate of puerility corpulency was non compensate a matter to be discussed. Our grandp argonnts never even questioned the weight of their children. Their children, our p arents, ate healthy foods at the family dining table and played outside all day long, but the subject of childhood obesity has gained quite a bit of interest since those days. With the ever so festering popularity of degraded foods, the introduction of recreate station and X concussion games and the more demanding careers of todays parents, the overdevelopment of both urban and suburban areas our kids are living sedentary lives and are becoming very(prenominal) overweight. The epidemic of childhood obesity is rapidly rising in America. The number of children who are in a flashadays overweight has tripled since 1980 and the prevalence of obesity in younger children has more than doubled. Ove rall, approximately 17% or 12.5 one million million of the children in the United States between the ages of 2 and 19 are already obese (_C_ _enters for Disease visit and Prevention_ _, 2012_). This finding is very disturbing to many Ameri idlers and has ca employ many debates on who is responsible for this rising epidemic and how rump we control it.Childhood obesity is measured by the body mass index (BMI). The BMI is calculated apply a childs height and weight. BMI does not measure body fat directly, but it is a reasonable index of body fatness for most children. A childs weight status is determined using an age and kindle specific percentile for BMI rather than the normal BMI categories which are used to determine an adult BMI. These are used be clear a childs body composition varies as they age and besides varies between boys and girls. Overweight in a child is defined as a BMI at or above the 85th percentile and level than the 95th percentile for children of the homog eneous age and sex.Obesity in a child is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex. The faces of childhood obesity are multi-factorial. Obesity in children is stupefyd by a privation of physical activity, unhealthy eating habits, media and market campaigns, adverse family conditions, stress and the availability of technology.Most Americans agree that childhood obesity is more prevalent today than ever before. If you look into the bedroom of an average American child you find video games, a com congealer, unremarkably a television and possibly some other electronic gadgets. Today American children have entree to just round anything they could ever want. They just ask and most parents testament buy them whatever they want. If you looked into the same childs room thirty or forty years ago you would have probably found tyke dolls, bet trucks and probably even some books.You would have found the neighborhood children outside playing in the kickball or haze over and seek in the yard. Children played outside from sun up to sun down. The playing of these physical activities outside has unfortunately been replaced by the inactive high tech toys of today. The kick ball and hide and seek games of thirty years ago have now been replaced with games being played on the head for the hills Station, Xbox or Wii. It is estimated that children in the United States are sp obliterateing at least twenty five percent of their waking hours watching television and statistically children who watch the most hours of television have the highest incidence of obesity.If you grapple another look inside the house of 30 years ago you would find a tonicdy who went to work every day and a mom who stayed home to tend to the family unit duties and the children. With the rising woo of our day to day living expenses in America, most homes now must have both dad and mom working full time to make ends meet. Over the last two decades there h as been an adjoin in the number of dual income families as more women have entered the workforce and more women become the touch on supporter for their single parent family. This new way of living has caused American children to eat whatever is well-provided for mom or dad to fix or for some children to eat whatever is easiest for them to fix for themselves.Constraints on time has made working parents rely more heavily on prepared, processed, and fastfoods, which are in general high calorie, high fat, and low in nutritional content. Usually these easy repasts come in oily bags from fast food establishments or in plastic wrappers within a frozen cardboard box and have to be cooked in the microwave before eating. In some homes the stove never even gets warm from preparing a meal more than once a week. These easy meals are contributing to the exploitation epidemic of childhood obesity.Todays youth are considered the most inactive generation in history and the marketers of fast fo od have taken full advantage of it. American children are exposed to some 40,000 or more food advertisements per year. (_U.S. D_ _ept. of Health Human Services_ _, 2011_). Most of these advertisements kick upstairs fast food. Therefore, the expanding fast-food industry is another cause for the rising childhood obesity epidemic. Fast food companies like McDonalds or Burger King are not only selling their food, but also have a way of marketing which is not bewitching to consumers. Most fast food restaurants offer a toy together with a childrens meal. Usually the toy is from a popular new movie or television manoeuvre so it is very appealing to children. Children are stimulated to eat junk food because they know they will be rewarded with a toy. mental issues and stress are said to cause obesity in adults, but they both can cause obesity in children as well. Some children have a difficult time dealing with stress, so they use food to comfort them when they feel unsure of things. L ike adults, they overly use food as a comfort when they feel, bored, anxious or angry. Children in the past did not have to worry so much about parents being divorced and remarried, mothers that worked long hours or fathers that traveled for most of the week. Todays economy has put financial strain on parents and children cannot help but to hear and feel the results of these tough economic times. The children of this generation are all too familiar with all of these situations. Each child has to contend with different factors in their lives and they too turn to food as a solution.Our surroundings too has an effect on the growing number of obese children. Experts are now looking to at our environment as a cause of the rapidincrease of obesity in children in the United States. In urban and suburban areas the overdeveloped environment can create obstacles for children to stay physically active. In urban areas the space for outdoor recreation can be scarce, which prevents kids from ha ving a protected place to play. Neighborhood crime, lack of street lighting and busy handicraft can impede children from being able to run and play or ride bicycles as a means of daily exercise. In the suburban areas, the evolution of sprawl can prevent children from walking or biking and contributes to the great amount of dependence on using motor vehicles to get around. Suburban neighborhoods too lack resources for physical recreation and many suburban neighborhoods do not include sidewalks.Genetics and DNA are also contributing factors in the causes of childhood obesity. A group of British researchers checked the DNA of three hundred children who were overweight. They looked for extra copies or deletions of DNA segments. They found evidence that a deletion of DNA may promote obesity. The deletion of chromosome 16 is thought to cause obesity in children because it removes a gene that the brain needs to respond to the appetite controlling hormone leptin. Children with a chromoso me 16 deletion appear to have a very strong drive to eat. These children are very, very hungry and always want to eat. (_British Medical Association, 2005_)This very slim chance may be the only cause that we cannot change. Unfortunately, some children are destined to obesity. These children are born with the genes that cause them to put on weight more easily and quicker than other children. These children end up storing the fat more easily than other children. There is not anything these children can do about their genes. Despite the strong influence that genetics can have on the epidemic of childhood obesity, studies show that our genetic makeup has not changed dramatically over the last couple of generations. Therefore the increases and prevalence of childhood obesity has to be mostly from other behavioral and environmental factors, not genetics.There are a number of root causes of obesity in the children of the United States. Selecting one or two main causes is next to impossible because the potential influences are multiple and intertwined. With the contributing factors of technology, family structure, advertising, stress and ourphysical environment we are making the next generation fat. We can make small changes that will have a significant touch on the issue of childhood obesity. Parents and caregivers can encourage children to adopt healthy eating habits and be more physically active. We need to focus on overall good health, not necessarily a true goal weight. We should teach and model healthy and positive attitudes toward food and physical activity. We should establish daily meal and snack times, and eat together as families as much as possible.When we shop for groceries we should purchase foods that will give children a wide variety of healthful foods to choose from. We should try to plan meals and serve them in sensible portions. Allowing children to scoop their own food can promote them eating in unhealthy amounts. These are just a few ideas of sm all change that can make a huge difference. We also need to promote exercise as much as possible. Having children walk to school when distance and asylum allows is great exercise. Children should be encouraged to play outdoor games rather than just be allowed to sit in front of the television. There are plenty of activities that our children can do to get exercise.Remember even household chores like raking leaves or running the vacuum cleaner constitute as exercise. Washing the car on a hot summer day can be fun while they are getting exercise. Some children will jump at the chance to earn a few bucks. Children can be rewarded with a few dollars and they will never know they are being bribed into getting some exercise. consume out is another place to be mindful of our decisions. When eating out is it important to be conscious of our food choices and try to keep healthy eating in mind. Lots of fast food places now offer healthy alternatives. The obesity issue is prevalent in the next generation, but it is not too late for us to work together to reverse this epidemic.REFERENCESBritish Medical Association, June 2005. _Preventing Childhood Obesity._London British Library Catalog.Centers for Disease Control, July 16, 2012, _Overweight and Obesity_.Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.htmlFord-Martin, Paula. _(2005) The Everything Parents Guide to the Overweight Child._Massachusetts Adams MediaHassink, Sandra G, MD, FAAP. (2006) A _Parents Guide to Childhood Obesity._United States American Academy of Pediatrics.Herscher, Elaine, Woolston, Chris and Tartamella, Lisa. (2004) _Generation Extra Large._New York, New York Basic Books.Ludwig, David, MD, Ph.D. (2007) _Ending the Food Fight._New York Houghton Mifflin Co.Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne, Ph.D. (2005) Im Like, So FatNew York The Guilford PressU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, April 19, 2011, _Childhood Obesity._Retrieved from http//www.hhs.gov

Organizational Systems and Quality Leadership Essay Example for Free

Organizational Systems and Quality Leadership EssayNursing-sensitive indicators atomic number 18 defined by the American Nurses experience as indicators that reflect the structure, process and out take places of breast feeding sympathize with. The structure of nursing guard is indicated by the supply of nursing staff, the skill level of the nursing staff, and the education/certification of nursing staff (ANA, 2015). These indicators are outcomes that increase the none and safety in enduring awe. Some indicators are patient falls, surgical complications such as transmission and pulmonary failure, restraint prevalence, patient satisfaction, nurse satisfaction and staffing, complications such as urinary tract infections and crush ulcers. The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) provides a guideline for nurses and nurse managers for direction in patient care and how to use patient acuity, patient of necessity, and referral indicators to provide good, saf e, quality patient care. Nursing-sensitive indicators that could be identified as come-at-able interference with patient care in Mr. Js case are his being dull from pain medications, his mild dementia diagnosis, his being restrained, and his cultural and religious values preferences.Mr. J is said to resolve simple questions but with the diagnosis of mild dementia and the pain medication disposed(p), any information given by Mr. J may not be accurate. The nurses and staff should call for recognized this immediately and gotten with a caregiver or family who knows Mr. J to ask healthcare questions so staff could establish care suitably from that information. The reason the patient is being restrained is never revealed but patients should never be restrained to the bed. in that respect are more useful and humane ways to monitor a patient who may be at chance for falls with mild dementia such as bed alarm/ soften alarm or a sitter. The patient, admitted with a fractured hip and r estrained to a bed, is at high risk for blackjack ulcers. The CNA should be well educated on the need to turn patients and make sure squash points are well monitored to prevent skin breakdown. The lack of cultural respect and understanding regarding Mr. J dietetic requests as a retired Jewish rabbi are a nursing-sensitive indicator which can lead to patient dissatisfaction, possibly not realized by the patient with mild dementia but certainly by his daughter.The hospital acquiring data on the above indicators of compact ulcer incidence, prevalence of restraints, patient and family satisfaction could go a long way to advance the quality of patient care throughout the hospital. This hospital is a 65-bed rural hospital but it is the job of every hospital to give the best patient care possible. With a pressure ulcer developing while in the hospital and Medicare not reimbursing for the cost of the care of that ulcer, it is important to make sure for the patients and the financial a spect that these do not happen. The care of a pressure ulcer can take many weeks and be very costly. The development of this in the hospital is uncalled for and does not bring patient satisfaction. I think too often hospitals forget they are treating not scantily their patients but their families as well. Evidence-based practice could be used to see what could have been done to prevent pressure ulcers, education for the staff on what signs to look for concerning pressure ulcers as well as education on the laws and when it is appropriate to use restraints on patients.Care of the patient should always be on the individual demand and cultural practice of the patients. As the nursing shift supervisor, I see several issues that need to be addressed. I would first ask who restrained this patient and why they felt this was needed. Evidence-based practice turn ins us that restraints are usually more dangerous to the patient than not being restrained. Restraints are to be used all in an emergency. In our book it states, Restraint of any kind is a form of imprisonment, and the reasonable and provident nurse will closely adhere to all laws, rules, and policies pertaining to the use of restraints (Cherry, 2008). Furthermore, restraint (Cherry, 2008). Policy and procedure needs to be addressed hospital wide with education and clear instructions given to prevent this in the future.The supervisor should not have ignored the dietary error nor told her staff to keep it quiet. Each finale has a value organization that dictates behavior directly or indirectly by setting norms and belief that those norms are right. Health beliefs and practices tend to reflect a cultures value system. Nurses must understand the patients value system to foster health promotion (Cherry, 2008). As nurses, we must recognize and respect the cultures and beliefs of our patients. This hospital may have a small population of Jewish residents but what hospital can afford to lose patients to a hospit al 20 miles away? There needs to be education from administration down on how to value each culture and how we as healthcare members must understand the different values to rear health.Education on the ability of practicing the health beliefs and practices of each patient can and will help the patient get better. I think we get into the mind-set that we are healthcare providers and people have to come to us, they need us, but what some dont understand is we are a business as well. We need to respect our patients and put our patients first. They can go somewhere else. Someone else out there wants their business, wants to show them what kind of quality care they can receive, and will show them just that.REFERENCESCherry, B., Jacob, S. (2008). CHAPTER 8 Legal Issues in Nursing and Health Care. In Contemporary Nursing Issues, Trends Management (5th ed., p. 185, p. 222). St. Louis, Mo. Mosby/Elsevier. Nursing-Sensitive Indicators. (2015, January 1). Retrieved April 25, 2015, from http //www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ThePracticeofProfessionalNursing/PatientSafetyQuality/Research-Measurement/The-National-Database/Nursing-Sensitive-Indicators_1.aspx

Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of genetically Modified Foods EssayOur ancestors first cultivated comprises some ten gibibyte years ago. They domesticated tools later and then selectively bred both grafts and animals to meet various requirements for human forage. manhood disc everywhereed female genitalscel biological processes such as fermentation of fruits and grains to derive wine and beer, and yeast for baking hot bread. Manipulation of foods is not a rude(a) story, therefore. The latest agricultural discovery uses genetic engineering engineering to modify foods. Farmers and plant breeders baffle been changing cut down plants to improve characteristics such as size, resistance to affection and taste. Plants which grow well, have a higher yield or taste better are selected and bred from. This is even-tempered the most widely used technique for trailing new varieties of a crop, and is limited by natural barriers which stop disparate species of organisms from breeding with each o ther. Genetic modification is very different to these handed-down plant breeding techniques. Genetic modification is the insertion of desoxyribonucleic acid from atomic number 53 organism to another(prenominal), usually by molecular(a) technologies.Genetically Modified Foods (GMF) are animals or plants that have had genetic modification. This changes the characteristics of the organism, or the way it grows and develops. Jim Maryanski from the U. S. Food and dose Administration, had the following to say in an interview publish on the FDAs website. ?There are hundreds of new plant varieties introduced every year in the United States, and all have been genetically circumscribed through traditional plant breeding techniquessuch as cross-fertilization of selected plantsto assert desired traits.?(Robin)Current and future GM products includea)Food that jakes deliver vaccines bananas that hold hepatitis B vaccineb)More musket ballritious foods rice with change magnitude iron and vitaminsc)Faster developing fish, fruit and nut treesd)Plants producing new plasticsIn so many respects, genetic modification is perfect for todays society. It would dish out agriculturalists overcome all headaches associated with growing large crops, and basically tailor the food growth industry to mass consumption by the familiar population. The famous frost-resistant tomato example is perfect in illustrating this point.With a tomato that resists frost, the season for growing them would be drawn-out and therefore a farmer would be able to produce to a greater extent tomatoes in one year than they were able to do in the past. Gene engineering science not merely gives us the emf to select the exact characteristics we pauperism in an organism, but it also enables us to cross species barriers. For example, we stub abridge an insecticide-producing gene from a bacterium and insert it into a plant, making the plant resistant to insect attack. This new-found business leader to cross species barriers is what light ups gene technology such a powerful tool.Producing enough food for the worlds population with break through apply up all the available land is an enormous challenge. One solution is to develop crops that yield to a greater extent(prenominal) with fewer inputs that are more resistant to diseases that spoil less during storage and transport that contain more useful nutrients and that can grow in agricultural land that has been degraded. Gene technology gives us the strength to do this. Genetically modified foods have been available since the 1990s. The principal ingredients of GM foods currently available are derived from genetically modified soybean, maize and canola.The first commercially grown genetically modified food crop was a tomato created by Calgene called the FlavrSavr. Calgene submitted it to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for assessment in 1992 following the FDAs close that the FlavrSavr was, in fact, a tomato, di d not constitute a health hazard, and did not need to be denominate to indicate it was genetically modified, Calgene released it into the market in 1994, where it met with little public comment. Considered to have a poor flavor, it neer sold well and was off the market by 1997.However, it had improved solids contents which made it an attractive new variety for canned tomatoes. Transgenic crops are grown commercially or in field trials in over 40 countries and on 6 continents. In 2000, about 109. 2 million acres (442,000 km? ) were planted with transgenic crops, the principal ones being herbicide- and insecticide-resistant soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola. Other crops grown commercially or field-tested are a sweet stump spud resistant to a US strain of a virus that affects one out of the more than 89 different varieties of sweet potato grown in Africa, rice with increased iron andvitamins such as golden rice, and a variety of plants able to survive extreme weather. Between 1996 and 2001, the total surface capacity area of land cultivated with GMOs had increased by a factor of 30, from 17,000 km? (4. 2 million acres) to 520,000 km? (128 million acres). The value for 2002 was 145 million acres (587,000 km? ) and for 2003 was 167 million acres (676,000 km? ). soja crop represented 63% of total surface in 2001, maize 19%, cotton 13% and canola 5%. In 2004, the value was about 200 million acres (809,000 km? ) of which 2/3 were in the United States.In limited, Bt corn is widely grown, as are soybeans genetically designed to await glyphosate herbicides. Future applications of GMOs include bananas that produce human vaccines against infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B, fish that mature more quickly, fruit and nut trees that yield years earlier, and plants that produce new plastics with unique properties. The next decade ordain see exponential progress in GM product development as researchers gain increase and unprecedented access to genomic resources th at are applicable to organisms beyond the scope of individual projects.Biologist Stephen Nottingham explains the risks of GMF? Experimental trials with transgenic organisms are usually conducted strict statutes to minimize the potential spread of genetic material? Even given these regulations, however, no field trial can be said to be 100% secure. This was illustrated when flooding struck the American Midwest in July 1993 and an entire field of experimental insect-resistant maize was swept away in Iowa. ? at a time released accidentally into the environment, plant material may prove difficult to recover.(Bragi)Unique ecological risks have been associated with virus-resistant transgenic crop plants? expiration crops more vulnerable to virus attack and risking the spread of virus susceptibility to other plants. Genetically modified foods are unlikely to present direct risks to human health. There are two main areas of alludea)The possibility of supersensitized reactions to genetica lly modified foods, andb)The possibility that bacteria living in the human catgut may acquire resistance to antibiotics from marker genes present in transgenic plants. Proponents claim that a genetically-modified potato is as safe as one modified the old-fashioned way, through generations of selective breeding biotechnology retributive gets the job done more quickly.Critics are concerned that mixing together genetic material from different species might produce unexpected allergic reactions in the person who eats or drinks it. For instance, if an individual consumer who is allergic to broccoli eats a banana that just happens to have a little broccoli DNA under the peel, that person might get sick. Some studies on animals indicate that devour genetically-modified foods may realise allergic responses, compromise immune systems and inhibit organ growth, although no proven cases of widespread reactions have been definitively documented.Opponents of biotech foods want other questions answered, as well. Will re-engineering a plant or animal to serve a precise end, such as improving taste, decrease its nutritional value? Will consuming genetically-modified food products make a person more resistant to antibiotics, which are widely used to treat bacterial infections? Does consuming milk or meat from livestock that has been injected with growth hormones (a form of biotechnology that is different from genetic modification) subject consumers to early puberty, cancer, and other ailments?Since neither side has been able to provide definitive answers, the jury is still out on food safety after all, genetic technology itself is barely decades old. So one can condense the issue into a single question should we move forward with new technologies that might help provide higher crop yields, new and interesting types of food products, and more profits for the companies that own the technology or play it safe and wait until we better understand the health and environmental con sequences of manipulating life forms that took generations to develop?Multinational Corporations benefit because GMF can be very profitable. GMF have taken hold quickly because multinational corporations with the resources to make large financial investments in research and development can profit directly. Multinational companies can spread out the benefit and profit to many branches of their businesses. Many such corporations combine the following an agrochemical company, a seed company, a pharmaceutical company, a food bear upon company and sometimes businesses involved with veteran products.Developments in one part of the corporation can be used to sell products in another branch. Farmers benefit in the short term because they can grow and sell more crops with fewer problems collectable to weeds, pests, fungi or frost. The genetically modified seed is designed to resist these traditional enemies. Food processing companies benefit from a ready supply of raw food ingredients d esigned for specific processing needs. Genetically modified tomatoes and potatoes, for instance, have higher solid contents and yield more sauces and French fries.These foods take longer to ripen and rot. Thus less food is spoiled and more gets processed. Supermarkets benefit for the same reasons. The fresh produce lasts longer on the shelves and is more profitable. Consumers, to date, havent benefited. GMF have been developed for the convenience of the producer and processor. Yet they cost more to produce and the costs get passed along to the consumer. Eventually there will be some large-minded of designer novelty foods for shoppers to try.Nottingham adds that there are many other concerns including ethical questions involving animal welfare, whether DNA is veridical life, and intellectual property rights and genetic resources from the Third World. (Bragi)The worlds poorest nations account for around 95. 7% of the worlds genetic resources. Traditional country practices involve f armers retaining seeds, from the harvest of one years crop, for planting in the following year. This practice saves money on buying seed and in itself represents a continuous selection for yield and resistance to pests and diseases.However, with genetically modified seed, royalties are payable to the companies holding the patent for the seed. Under world trade agreement rulings, farmers have to make substantial royalty payments to multinational companies if they keep seed for replanting, even if the crop happens to be native to their particular country. Genetic engineering is a valuable new technology that can develop more sizeable and nutritious foods, with great potential benefits for humanity and the environment, and this new scientific discovery needs to be implement as quickly as possible for humanitarian reasons.As with every new scientific technology, catastrophic side effects of genetic engineering are inevitable and great care should be taken in its implementation, inclu ding carefully controlled long-term tests on human health and environmental impacts. All genetically engineered foods have been thoroughly tested and demonstrated to be safe before they are released into the marketplace. However, this testing is typically conducted yet on rats and other animals, by the companies involved. Very little of this research has been reviewed by independent scientists and then published in scientific journals.Genetically engineered foods are usually substantially equivalent to other foods, with no increased risk to human health, and no need for the lengthy and expensive human testing demanded of, for example, new food additives. However, the unpredictable disruptions in normal DNA functioning caused by genetic engineering can produce unanticipated and unknown side effects for human health, including unknown and unpredictable toxins and allergens, and these possibilities can only be definitively assessed through human testing.Genetic engineering is a scient ific and technological process, and its evaluation and governmental regulation should be based on purely scientific and objective criteria. To have a purely scientific evaluation of genetically engineered foods, we need more science, especially human studies and environmental studies. Moreover, purely scientific assessment of genetic engineering ignores the fact that, for many people, food has cultural, ethical and religious dimensions that must also be considered.Alan McHughen, author of Pandoras Picnic Basket The Potential and Hazards of Genetically Modified Foods, in the foot he states irritate no mistake I am in favor of an orderly and appropriately regulated introduction of some GMOs into the environment and marketplace, and I adamantly oppose others. There are good reasons to ban certain products of genetic technology, and good reasons to allow, with management, certain others some may require no extraordinary regulation at all. If your opinion differs from mine after readin g this book, I hope you will be able to justify, if only to yourself, why we disagree.My philosophy is to be skeptical, be critical, even cynical of claims by business interests, government agencies, and militant groups. But also keep an open mind and then decide for yourself. (Internet 7)There? s no uncertainty that the GM food supply should be closely monitored and regulated, but that doesn? t mean it should all be banned. I believe that genetic engineering of plants, animals, and humans has much to offer as long as we are aware of potential benefits and side effects. And that? s true even for more traditional methods of farming, animal husbandry, and medicine.Work Sited1. Cummings, Michael R. , and Williams S. Klug. Concepts of Genetics. New Delhi Pearson Education, 2004. 2. Dubey, R. C. A Textbook of ergonomics. New Delhi S. Chand, 20063. Kumar, H. D. Modern Concepts of Biotechnology. New Delhi Vikash Publishing House, 20034. Purohit, S. Agricultural Biotechnology. India Agrob ios, 20055. Purohit, S. Biotechnology Fundamental and Applications. India Agrobios, 2004Internet.Reference1. Bragi, David. ?Food Savior Or Frankenfood? The Debate Over Genetically Modified Foods?. http//www. sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? f=/gate/archive/2001/06/25/healthwatch. DTL2. Robbin, Adria. ?What Are We Eating http//serendip. brynmawr. edu/biology/b103/f00/web1/robbin. html3. Schultz, Norman. http//www. beyondintractability. org/essay/fact_finding_limits/.4. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. http//www. wikipedia. org/wiki/genetic_engineering5. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. http//www. wikipedia. org/wiki/genetically_modified_food6.? Genetic Engineering The broil?. http//www. genetic-id. com/prosncons/index. htm7. http//www. foodmuseum. com/issues. html.

Physics of Volleyball Essay Example for Free

physical science of Volley clunk EssayPhysics is the study of energy and how it is transferred from one particle to another. There is certainly a lot of energy transferred between objects and players in the sport of volleyball. A few of the concepts of physics that take place during volleyball involve gravity, break, speeding, acceleration, rocket salad motion, and force. These concepts are displayed throughout the different positions on the court. There are three main formulas of volleyball that include physics, the first one being displacement.This happens when a player moves to their position on the court and when the ball moves from status to side. Displacement is relative to all positions on the court of volleyball because all cardinal players should be as spaced on their respective side. Each player on the court is assigned one of the six positions. Even though theyre only assigned one position, they move and adjust to the play according to their teammates and th e commissioning of the ball. Secondly, velocity is the speed of the player and ball.Velocity is commonly expressed as the change in displacement in a given time. One of these areas where velocity is found in volleyball would be when a player spikes the ball. With the proper velocity, the ball forget hit the floor without a defender being equal to react quickly enough to the attack. Thirdly, there is gravity, If there was no gravity the ball would not tally down nor would the players. Gravity is essential to volleyball because without gravity the players would not be able to stay on the ground and enjoy the game.Also, the ball would float away from the people participating in the game. There are two major concepts of physics for serving, velocity and acceleration. As the balls velocity increases its distance in any case becomes greater. Since the ball is in constant acceleration, the velocity increases by the same amount of time. With the proper velocity, the ball will hit the f loor without a defender being able to react quickly enough to the attack. acceleration goes hand-in-hand with velocity. Acceleration is defined as the rate at which velocity changes.The ball, along with players on the court, both sire acceleration. There are times in a volleyball game when the ball has constant acceleration, when the ball is served. When the ball is hit by a player for a spike, the rate at which it reaches is maximum velocity is the acceleration. In order to determine when to hit the ball, you need to calculate the trajectory, speed, and placement of the set. When approaching the ball, the body has kinetic energy and this energy turns into potential energy.This allows the player to jump higher. Since potential energy is the product of the mass of the player, gravity, and the upper side of the jump, the height is what determines how much potential energy will be attained. When the player hits the ball, it puts as much neural impulse into it as possible, the shor ter amount of time the hand is in contact with the ball, the greater the momentum. Physics affects every aspect of the sport of volleyball from hitting, defense and serving.Without the concepts of physics that take place during volleyball include gravity, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force, there would not be the sport. Understanding the physics behind the game can make someone a break player because they can learn how the game works and react to it accordingly.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical Analysis Essaydisavowal Lets avoid abortion, the death penalty, gun rights, and gay marriage for this assignment unless you smoke dispose me you have a fresh spin or take on it. These topics have been heavily employ in previous semesters, so I want to encourage you to expand to less traveled territory.2. hence, select three interesting rhetorical artifacts that deal with or illustrate this social issue. This could be such things as advertising, films, books, songs, albums, YouTube/online videos, speeches, websites, etc. Limit yourself to only two samples per genrethat is, dupet pick three films, or three songs, or three books, but have some variety. It is possible to pick something very artlesslike a single magazine rogue adbut remember that you need to be able to pull a lot out of it to discuss. So find something that will be fat for m any pages worth of discussion.Your assignment1. In your introduction (5-8 sentences), first describe the social issue and w herefore youve picked it. then(prenominal), briefly describe the three rhetorical artifacts and how they pertain to the social issue. 2. Finish your introduction with a dissertation introducement. Remember, a thesis statement is an argument and not adeclarative sentence, a question, or an announcement. devil sample thesis statementsA descriptive analysis of six parts of artifact A, artifact B, and artifact C reveal how severally of these pieces carry to illuminate Social Issue.Social issue can be better understood by a six-part descriptive analysis of artifact A, artifact B, and artifact C.3. Do the six-part descriptive analysis, which will be explained in the next section. Generally speaking, you will be doing six analyses of each of your artifacts, so a total of at least 18 separate examinations. Each analysis should be roughly one or two paragraphs.4. Be sure to include a Works Cited/Bibliography page with for three rhetorical artifacts.5. Your paper should total 7-10 pages, not counting the Works Cited/Bibliography page.The Six-Part Descriptive AnalysisIn your essay, youll need to do each of the following six analyses. For each analysis, youll need to follow the Claim+ validation+Analysis structure that the book calls the critical equation (see page 30-34, especially 32). So for each analysis, you would 1) adopt that such-and-such descriptive element is present. Then 2) stimulate me create of thatwhy can you make this take in? Then 3) mark me how salubrious your artifact puts this descriptive element to occasion.1. The six rhetorical purposes (pages. 8-13)a. Creating virtual experienceb. reparation perceptionc. Explainingd. Formulating beliefe. Initiating actionf. Maintaining actionExamine each of your three rhetorical selections in the ignitor of these six rhetorical purposes. Which of the six is the best fit for each of your selections? There may be more than one purpose, but discussing just one of them is fine. So for each artifact, you w ould 1) claim that X type of rhetorical purpose was used. Then 2) give me proof of thatwhy can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well your artifact puts this rhetorical purpose to use. 2. The seven elements (page 24). Of the seven elements, two are of interest for this assignment. a. Persona. The business office the persuader takes in addressing the audience. Think of things like good cop/bad cop teacher star pastor reporter clown b. Tone.The persuaders attitude towards the subject (Detached, emotional, satirical.) AND the audience. (Personal/authoritative/supplicant.) Complete a critical equation for Persona and Tone for each of your three rhetorical artifacts. So for each artifact, you would 1) claim that X type of persona or tone was used. Then 2) give me proof of thatwhy can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well your artifact puts this persona/tone to use.3. The VASESVisuals, Analogies, Statistics, Experts, and Stories. (See page 80 for a brief overview, but you ll need to look at the entire chapter 4 for a rise understanding.)Describe how each of your three artifacts uses demonstration in light of your social issue. Use the VASES, although note that not all five of the VASES will be used in each artifact. Remember that this should be structured in the Claim + validation + Analysis structure. So for each artifact, you would 1) claim that X type of evidence was used. Then 2) give me proof of thatwhy can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well your artifact puts this evidence to use.4. The dimensions of rhetorical action. We arent always convinced by purely logical reasonssometimes psychological, social, and personal reasons convince us as well. (See pages 117-121). Think of each as these as on a continuumthat is, it isnt 100 percent on one extreme or the other, but more seeming a blend of 70/30, 60/40, etc.PurposeInstrumental Consummatory (A tool) (Purpose in action itself) rockJustificatoryRitualistic (Offers reasons/justifies) (Participatory/performative/affirms) StructureLogicalAssociative (Necessary links)(Learned from experience)LanguageLiteralFigurative Describes worldDescribes internal stateEvidenceFactualPsychological VerifiableAppeals to needs, drives, desire(logos)(pathos)Plot where each of the three artifacts lie on the continuum. (Do so in paragraph formI assumet necessarily need a diagram.) You dont have to use the same rhetorical dimension(s) for each artifact. Remember that this should be structured in the Claim + Proof + Analysis structure. So for each artifact, you would 1) claim that your artifact is placed somewhere on a continuum for a certain dimension of rhetorical action. For example, This artifact is mostly figurative, but it contains a hardly a(prenominal) literal elements as well. OR As an entertaining film, this piece is almost purely consummatory. Then 2) give proof of thatwhy can you make this claim? Then 3) tell how well you pretend it whole kit and caboodle in this case. 5 . Organizational patterns. (pages 136-142). How is the artifact organized? SequenceA. Chronologicalby timeB. Narrative fibC. SpatialdirectionTopicalA. Parts subtopic (breaking into chunksunique to the subject) B.Perspectives familiar divisions (common, often-used categories) LogicalA. Causalcause effectB. Problem- tooth rootharm solutionWhat is at least one organizational pattern used by each artifact? How does this organizational pattern help promote its perspective on your social issue? (If you do not speculate your artifact demonstrates any of these organizational patterns, prove itshow me by process of elimination how none of them fit) You dont have to use the same organizational pattern(s) for each artifact. Remember that this should be structured in the Claim + Proof + Analysis structure.So for each artifact, you would 1) tell me what organizational pattern(s) you see at work. Then 2) give me proof of thatwhy can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well you think it wo rks in this case in light of your social issue.6. Resources of language (See 165-169)Think of these as continuums. formalities-Informality Precision-Ambiguity Literal-Figurative Economy-RedundancyPlot your artifact on what of the continuums of style (for example, 70 percent formal, 30 percent informal). How does this style help promote its perspective on your social issue? Give me one paragraph for each artifact. (Note If youve explored the literalfigurative continuum in a previous portfolio assignment, please select a new one.) (If you do not think your artifact demonstrates any of the styles, prove itshow me by process of elimination how none of them fit.).You dont have to use the same resource of language for each artifact. Remember that this should be structured in the Claim + Proof + Analysis structure. So for each artifact, you would 1) tell me what organizational pattern(s) you see at work. Then 2) give me proof of thatwhy can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well you think it works in this case in light of your social issue.

Skin cancer Essay Example for Free

Skin genus Cancer EssayHow many of you pass water every laid out in the sun on purpose just to get a tan? Or better so far how many of you believe you look prettier or more handsome tan? According to the American pubic louse Society more than 1 million people are diagnosed with scrape up cancer each family and the numbers seem to be increasing day to day. And believe it or not cutis cancer is the most common of all cancers. Today I am going to inform you about strip cancer and how you can protect yourself from it. To begin, our discase is the largest organ of the body and it covers our internal organs and protects them from injury. The skin as well as serves as a barrier between germs and our internal organs. Our skin regulates body temperature and helps the body get free of excess waste. Certain cells in our skin in addition communicate with the brain and allow us the bump temperature, touch, and pain sensations.Some may ask, what exactly is skin cancer and why is it such a whacking deal now? Well there are two basic lineaments of skin cancer Nonmelanoma (which is also called basal or squamous cell) skin cancer and then there is melanoma skin cancer.Most skin cancers are classified under nonmelanoma, meaning that the cells are located at the base of the outer, layer of the skin. Basically, the skin that covers the surface of the body, not the deep tissues. Nonmelanoma skin cancer usually develops on sun-exposed areas of the body, places like the face, ears, necks, lips, and the backs of hands. Depending on the type they can be fast or slow growing but rarely spreads to some other move of the body. There is a cure for nonmelanoma skin cancer is detect and treated early.On the other hand, you have melanoma skin cancer. Which is the more dangerous of the two however it is also the least common. Melanoma skin cancer tends to spread very quickly to other body parts. However, it is almost always curable if it is detected in the early stages. B ut the killer part is a lot of people do not realize that they may have melanoma skin cancer until the later stages, after it has already started affect other organs. Once it has reached that stage, it is virtually incurable. People diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer that has already spread to other body parts are given on average a five year choice rate.So what puts you at risk for skin cancer? Some high risk factors include open and/or excessive exposure to Ultraviolet(uv) radiation Fair complexions( people with red hair, most likely) Occupational exposures (i.e. gimmick workers, arsenic compounders, baseball players) Family history of skin cancer Multiple or atypical moles Severe sunburns as a childSo how can you detect skin cancer? Some signs of skin cancer in the early stages may include but are not limited any intensify on the skin, especially in the size or color of a mole or other darkly pigmented growth or spot, or a new growth scaliness, oozing, bleeding, or mixed b ag in the appearance of a bump or nodule the spread of pigmentation beyond its border such as dark coloring that spreads past the edge of a mole or mark a change in sensation, itchiness, tenderness, or pain in a mole

Perceptual Maps Essay Example for Free

Perceptual Maps EssayPerceptual Mapping, as defined by Miguel Mauricio Isoni and Cid Goncalves Filho (The Strategic exercise of Perceptual Maps in somatic Reputation Analysis an Empirical Survey), is a strategic management apparatus that offers a unique ability to show the complex relationship between marketplace competitors and the criteria used by buyers when making purchase decisions and recommendations. Usu everyy, perceptual maps is plotted by means of a two dimensional plane, thus it is up to(p) mainly of comparing four factors affecting a certain market product. To come up with a perceptual map, product analyst would perform its designed three part methodology. A. The Three Phases of Perceptual Maps as Used in the Simulation I. The Exploratory Phase In this first stage, we would get to know the stemma of the need for the making of the perceptual plan (Isoni Filho). The simulation had started with the laying out of the situation of Thor motor make passs decrease in sales with their product CruiserThor, a 1500cc power cruiser priced at $25,800. Thor believed that the decrease in sales they study in May 1, 201 was brought by the growing older of its target costumers (bracket 35 50 yrs old) that made them no longer interested with the lifestyle CruiserThor symbolizes.The age bracket of 21 35 years could not in addition be a replacement since they prefer more buying low-cost motorcycles for practicality reasons concerning with their young ages small disposable income. As a recommendable solution, we need a new marketing plan. But in order to come up with a plan, we need to know the position of the CruiserThor in the market by means of a perceptual map. Since we had opted with making a perceptual map, we past need to choose four central parameters CruiserThor gives the most concern. And we decided that they were the Lifestyle Image, Service Offerings, Price and Quality Engineering.We would also have a similarity of CruiserThor with its othe r competitor product and then conduct a market research to obtain CruiserThors representational ratings. II. The Descriptive Phase At this point, we would then need to make a survey with merged questionnaire and with representative sample that will be analyzed by Perceptual Mapping softwargon (Isoni Filho). This could be in the form of four questions asking for a ranking from 1 10 that corresponds to the existing clients perception to the selected four parameters.Does the CruiserThor made a great impact with your lifestyle? Does it possess the uniqueness you could not see with its competitor brands? 2. Does the engineering design compensate with its projected lifestyle image? 3. Does the CruiserThor priced discipline? 4. Does its included technical support and additional serve suffice its total package? As these questions are filled up by the CruiserThors customers, dealers and distri besidesors, we could then extract from it the publics representational perception. The set t hat we had assigned are 9. 2 for the lifestyle image.1 for the service offerings, 2. 95 for the service offerings and 7. 1 for the look engineering. These figures had also been compared with the figures generated from two of CruiserThors competitors, Anzai and Espritique. These figures tell the current position of the product which would then be sheath to review and/or revisions. III. The Presentation Phase For this last phase, we would present the maps to the managers (Isoni Filho), who would then give generalized meter reading with the marketing of the product with respect to its four factors evaluated.As the values had been analyzed, two possible solutions were suggested, to enhance the current positioning strategy or to totally change it. We may also opt to launch a new motorcycle that targets younger costumers. If ever you chose the last, you should then decide how it would be packaged with its features as foreign to the constraint of cheaper pricing. As a final decision, we would then stick with launching a new product, called RRoth that would lenify a younger age bracket. This option would undergo several stages so as to determine its priggish marketing mix to be used.These were deliberations on how would it be priced, how would it be handed down to its end-users, and how would it be promoted. The smart sets team of analyst suggested with a $13M budgeted RRoth motorcycles that would be priced $13T $15T. They would use the help of their identified dealers and distributors to act as its middleman. They would also set-up exclusive showrooms. Promotions that would be done were to offer insurance and protection plans, to offer free attempt rides, to hire celebrities for endorsements, and to provide giveaway merchandise.Additional services were dealers training, customization options and financial services. Total cost of differentiation decisions was then accounted to be $11. 149T. B. Summary of the Different Marketing Components Used I. Relationsh ip between differentiation and positioning of products and services Differentiation, as its word implies, is the offering of dissimilar products that tends to target distinct costumers from each other. This would help with spawning all the possible customers individual needs basing on bracketing schemes just like age.In relation to this, positioning strategies for these various products need to be considered so as to not make them compete with each other (Positioning Defined). As an example, CruiserThor was designed to target possible costumers coming from the age of 3550 yrs. old. To address the need to cover the market with younger age who may wish to avail a lifestyle imaged motorcycle but at a lower cost, Thor motorcycles decided to launch RRoth and it was positioned to attract the age bracket of 2135 yrs. old who were less likely to had disposable incomes. II.The Impact of harvest Life Cycle Production summary through time had come up with a thinking that products have a li fe cycle (Product life cycle management, Wikipedia). Products start with the market introduction stage by creating a demand through different ways of promotion and information dissemination about its importance of use. The product may every benefit or suffer the existence of competition depending on the reaction of its target costumers. Products would then accede into the growth stage wherein it should develop a sense of profitability to its producers and sellers.Competition would usually increase as others would see its success in gaining a market share. As the products gain years being in the market, it would enter the maturity stage wherein the cost of production was minimized since publicity is less likely to be required. Final stage would be whether the product be stable or in a subject of decline depending on the continuity of interest of its target costumers.ReferencesM. Isoni C. Filho. The Strategic Use of Perceptual Maps in Corporate Reputation Analysis An Empirical Surv ey. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from www.isbee. org/index. php? option=com_docmantask=doc_downloadgid=33 Perceptual Mapping. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http//www. populus. com/files/Perceptual%20Mapping_f_1. pdf Perceptual Mapping. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http//www. iqlogo. com/library/perceptual-mapping. htm Product life cycle management. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Product_life_cycle_management Positioning Defined. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http//www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/crosscuttings/positioning_main. html

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example for Free

rhetorical Analysis EssayDo you struggle to find equilibrium between excelling at cast and expense productive, quality time with loved ones at post? With the technology that is available in the twenty head start century, it is now possible for better professed(prenominal)s to decide whether they would like to forge from central office and collaborate with family members to meet work demands. Alesia capital of Alabama is an African American Ethnographer who wrote Kitchen Conferences and Garage Cubicles The Merger of Home and Work in the 24-7 Global miserliness. This study was one of many published in 2008s book entitled The Changing landscape painting of Work and Family in the American Middle Class Reports From the Field, which focused on providing insights into the changing nature of functional families in the United States (1008). Montgomerys main purpose is that todays modern social club and global economy have enabled families to merge work and home in quasi-entrep reneurial ways (1018), which pull up stakes in turn deepen the attachment between family members.Her lower-ranking cite is that the merging of these two worlds does non fare without a downside your home go forth no longer serve as a refuge from barter pressures (1018) and job demands may be made more invasive by the use of innovative converse technology (1019). The main purpose of this essay is to identify and analyze Montgomerys main and secondary debates, to describe two types of support she uses, how they help her claims, and to identify her intend audience.Montgomery proposes that interlingual renditions in gender relations, steering strategies, and technological practices (1018) play integral roles in the opportunities for families to decide how to combine or balance their home lives with work demands. She goes on to state that womens access to equal education and equal employment opportunities have expand the possibilities for spousal collaboration in technical profe ssions (1010), and that being able to collaborate on work projects at home will create a more intimate and interdependent family.She then contributes statistics showing the function of women graduating with a degree in engineering jumped 16. 5% in just 30 years (1011). The statistics provide hard evidence to her claim that women are gaining increasing access to technology based jobs, and courts to the readers logos. Montgomery spent a period of five years in the field following a correspond in their thirties, who were living in one of these collaborative, job-sharing (1012) middle class families in order to declare a view of the world from their perspective (1008).Basing her argument off this research provides a stronger emotional fellowship to the report than if Montgomery were to use sweeping generalizations throughout. Montgomery structures her essay in a narrative format, writing in the first person. She was successful at attempting to appeal to her audiences ethos by ma king her writing less formal while keeping an educated voice. The writing opens with an introduction to Marjenah and Steve, who share a home with Marjenahs parents in Silicon Valley.Montgomery appeals to her readers pathos by illustrating the familys world Emails, faxes and phone calls joined their home to high-tech firms within Silicon Valley. Although there were no parking lots or numbered suites, their areawas, in some sense, a busy industrial park (1009). Montgomery recalls the different ways in which they rely upon each other, and states that the interdependence this family possesses is an opportunity for each member help one another conduct job demands.She details the countless nights Steve spent on his wifes projects after getting home from his job as well as the way Marjenah was needed to proof read Steves reports and to reappraisal her mothers paperwork for her department store job. The father worked at an outside tech firm, but served as the familys technical support ( 1016). This ethnographic research directly relates to her main point that equality in the education within a family has enabled collaboration in the home, and allows us to spend more time with those we love. feature the statistics that show women gaining access to technical jobs are increasing with the representation of a modern, job-sharing family that include both sexes collaborating on high-tech projects helps validate the essays argument. Montgomerys goal is to inform families of new opportunities on how to balance work and home purport, so in order to provide a full watch she explores the potential downsides to living in a modern job-sharing family.Montgomerys secondary claim states that working collaboratively on job tasks at home (1018) will increase family cohesion (1018), but that this combination will in turn eliminate the idea of your home being an escape from job pressures. She helps substantiate this argument by referring again to the subjects of her study, an emotion al appeal. Steve summarized his perception of the piazza, explaining that job demands limited the control that they had all over the time and home of family living (1019).Montgomery understands her audience connect to this point on an emotional level by describing the conflicts the couple experienced because of the stresses their job-sharing created. She details Marjenah having to constantly manage sounds (1015), as well as the couple getting into arguments over the amount of energy each puts into one anothers work, citing that sometimes the main incentive for them to recognise up was the pressure of work calling again. It is clear to the reader that Montgomery is simply making an argument to explore this alternative lifestyle.She uses many different types of support throughout her writing in order to make her argument more informative two will be analyzed further. Montgomery continuously includes professional opinions with quotations from past studies that are on the equiva lent topic as her own work. This gives the reader necessary play down knowledge on the topic, by allowing the audience to have a more complete understanding as to how the economy has been playing a role in the decisions we make regarding how we balance our lives, since the Industrial Revolution.She opens with a quote from nineteenth century writer John Ruskin, which states home will only be home, until the anxieties of the outer life penetrate into it (1008). This grabs her readers attention, and provides a possible thesis for her writing. Montgomery explains separating work and home life has not always been the normal ideal, swelled her reader a brief history on the transformation of family labor from agrarian to high-tech work (1010). She does this with quotes and ideas from over ten different sources, many of the sources she chose are cognise in the fields of Anthropology and Sociology.This is extremely helpful for her ethical appeal, because it shows Montgomery took the time to gain an understanding of the contextual relevance of her selected topic. Some of the work she cites claims things such as In the early twentieth century, corporations supplanted many family firms, credentialed engineers replaced informally trained mechanics, and big sciencerose to prominence. (1011) and that Industrial transformationsincreasingly removed production from the home, while heathenish transformations valorized home as a haven from the harsh work world (1010).This relates to the quote she opens with, because Ruskin was one of the numerous writers pushing to get the rising middle class to embrace this new ideal (1010), raising the point of the motives behind said quote. Including other pieces of writing that claim technology is what played a key cistron in changing the way individuals and families balanced their two lives, historically, helps her introduce the idea that separate spheres are not necessarily the most desirable family and work forms (1018). Montgomery uses examples to support her arguments, which helps create a mental cypher in her audiences mind while reading her work.Her research gathered while with Marjenahs family, is her most used example, and is a very effective form of support. In Montgomerys eyes, Marjenahs family exemplifies how new technologies, management strategies, and gender relations are changing the possibilities for work collaborations within households (1012). She refers to their specific situation as a way to personalize Montgomerys generalized emphasis on womens equality in education and job opportunities as being the main factor in union once again giving families the option to draw in and collaborate on work.She uses examples while giving her audience background knowledge of this topic. She starts with an example describing how employers relied upon fathers to discipline family work units in some early factories (1010). She makes the claim that shop-keeping families saw kin as sources of income (1010), mor e specifically using examples such as the bakers wife iced cakes a few steps from her husband, the butcher and his son chopped meat on the same counter, and for the family of grocers home and work merged (1010).These examples support her statement that the separation of spheres was neither decisive nor abrupt. (1010). Montgomery does a sufficient job regarding the amount of support she provides her audience with to back up her argument. Every writer has an intended audience. Montgomerys study was published in a book that has a goal to bring out how culture shapes family life during shifting social and economic landscapes, so it should address a fairly educated audience.The background information provided implies that she was keeping in mind the fact that not everyone who picks up her book will have an understanding of the different norms our society has gone through regarding the separation of work and home life. To conclude, Montgomery was very successful in presenting her argume nt that contemporary gender relations, management strategies and technological practices enable divers(prenominal) family and work formsFar from weakening family bonds, these mergers of work foster family cohesion (1010).She appealed to her audiences logos by providing facts, statistics, expert opinions, and by citing other pieces of work on her topic. This also helped her ethical appeal, as did the personal later detailing her background and her credentials. Using the example of Marjenahs family, along with the baker, butcher and grocers, helped Montgomery emotionally appeal to her audience, and to get her point across. Overall, Montgomery presented her argument very clearly it was fact based, and very informative which makes her beta purpose a success.